@article {9040,
	title = {Phylogeography of a Specialist Leaf-Mining Weevil, Rhynchaenus dorsoplanatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Associated With Castanopsis Species},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {103},
	number = {3},
	year = {2010},
	month = {May},
	pages = {379-388},
	abstract = {Climatic changes during glacial periods have had a major influence on the recent evolutionary history of living organisms, even in the warm temperate forests, where the land was not covered with ice sheets. We investigated the phylogeographical patterns of the weevil, Rhynchaenus dorsoplanatus (Roelofs) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a host-specific leaf miner of Castanopsis (Fagaceae) that grows in the broadleaved evergreen forests of Japan. We examined 2343 bp of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for 171 individuals collected from new infested leaves of Castanopsis at 55 localities in Japan. Spatial analysis of molecular variance showed a significant difference ([PHI]CT = 0.14, P < 0.001) in genetic structure of the leaf-mining R. dorsoplanatus between the southwestern and the northeastern areas within the main islands of Japan. We also observed a large gap between the southwestern and northeastern clades ([PHI]CT, = 0.79, P < 0.001) with respect to the mtDNA sequences of the seed-boring Curculio hilgendoifi (Harold) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which shares the same host plant species. The demographic population expansion was detected and the beginning time of the expansion was dated to the end of the last glacial period in both weevil species. The congruent phylogeographical patterns observed in the leaf-mining and seed-boring weevil species reinforce the robustness of the deduced glacial and postglacial history of Castanopsis-associated organisms. These data suggest that the host-specific parasitic insects and their associated Castanopsis forests were likely restricted to separate southwestern and northeastern refugia within the main islands of Japan during repeated glacial periods in the Quaternary.},
	isbn = {0013-8746; 1938-2901},
	author = {Aoki, Kyoko and Murakami, Noriaki and Kato, Makoto}
}
@article {5472,
	title = {Phylogeographical patterns of a generalist acorn weevil: insight into the biogeographical history of broadleaved deciduous and evergreen forests},
	journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Article No 103},
	month = {16 May},
	pages = {11pp.},
	abstract = {Background: Climatic changes during glacial periods have had a major influence on the recent evolutionary history of living organisms, even in temperate forests on islands, where the land was not covered with ice sheets. We investigated the phylogeographical patterns of the weevil Curculio sikkimensis (Curculionidae), a generalist seed predator of Fagaceae plants living in both deciduous oak and evergreen forests of Japan. Its genetic structure was compared to that of another host-specific seed predator, C. hilgendorfi, inhabiting only evergreen forests. Results: We examined 921 bp of mitochondrial DNA for 115 individuals collected from 33 populations of C. sikkimensis from 11 plant species of three genera, Quercus, Lithocarpus, and Castanopsis. An analysis of molecular variance revealed that a large proportion (almost 50\%, P < 0.001) of the total genetic variance could be explained by differences between two geographical regions, the southwestern and northeastern parts of the main islands of Japan. In contrast, no significant genetic differentiation of the weevil was observed among vegetation types of their utilized host plant species. The phylogeographical patterns of the generalist and the host-specific seed predator exhibited a congruent genetic boundary in the Chugoku-Shikoku region. Conclusion: Our results suggest that geology and historical environment have contributed to shaping the present genetic structure of C. sikkimensis. The geographical patterns of genetic differentiation in the Chugoku-Shikoku region observed in the two types of Fagaceae-associated Curculio in this study have also been observed in several plant species growing in warm and cool temperate zones of Japan. The occurrence of this common pattern suggests that deciduous oak and evergreen forests of Japan survived together, or adjacent to each other, in small refugia during glacial ages, in the southwestern and northeastern parts of the main islands, although these two types of forests are presently distributed in cool and warm temperate zones of Japan, respectively.},
	keywords = {Curculio sikkimensis},
	url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/},
	author = {Aoki, Kyoko and Kato, Makoto and Murakami, Noriaki}
}
@article {4924,
	title = {Phylogeography of Phytophagous Weevils and Plant Species in Broadleaved Evergreen Forests: A Congruent Genetic Gap between Western and Eastern Parts of Japan},
	journal = {Insects},
	volume = {2},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {June},
	pages = {128-150},
	abstract = {The Quaternary climate cycles played an important role in shaping the distribution of biodiversity among current populations, even in warm-temperate zones, where land was not covered by ice sheets. We focused on the Castanopsis-type broadleaved evergreen forest community in Japan, which characterizes the biodiversity and endemism of the warm-temperate zone. A comparison of the phylogeographic patterns of three types of phytophagous weevils associated with Castanopsis (a host-specific seed predator, a generalist seed predator, and a host-specific leaf miner) and several other plant species inhabiting the forests revealed largely congruent patterns of genetic differentiation between western and eastern parts of the main islands of Japan. A genetic gap was detected in the Kii Peninsula to Chugoku-Shikoku region, around the Seto Inland Sea. The patterns of western-eastern differentiation suggest past fragmentation of broadleaved evergreen forests into at least two separate refugia consisting of the southern parts of Kyushu to Shikoku and of Kii to Boso Peninsula. Moreover, the congruent phylogeographic patterns observed in Castanopsis and the phytophagous insect species imply that the plant-herbivore relationship has been largely maintained since the last glacial periods. These results reinforce the robustness of the deduced glacial and postglacial histories of Castanopsis-associated organisms.},
	isbn = {2075-4450},
	url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/2/2/},
	author = {Aoki, Kyoko and Kato, Makoto and Murakami, Noriaki}
}
