@article {10496,
	title = {Long-term evolutionary stability of bacterial endosymbiosis in Curculionoidea: additional evidence of symbiont replacement in the Dryophthoridae family},
	journal = {Molecular Biology and Evolution},
	volume = {25},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	month = {May},
	pages = {859-868},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Bacterial intracellular symbiosis ( endosymbiosis) is well documented in the insect world where it is believed to play a crucial role in adaptation and evolution. However, although Coleopteran insects are of huge ecological and economical interest, endosymbiont molecular analysis is limited to the Dryophthoridae family. Here, we have analyzed the intracellular symbiotic bacteria in 2 Hylobius species belonging to the Molytinae subfamily ( Curculionoidea superfamily) that exhibit different features from the Dryophthoridae insects in terms of their ecology and geographical spanning. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has shown that both Hylobius species harbor rod- shaped pleiomorphic symbiotic bacteria in the oocyte and in the bacteria- bearing organ ( the bacteriome), with a shape and location similar to those of the Dryophthoridae bacteriome. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequences, using the heterogeneous model of DNA evolution, has placed the Hylobius spp. endosymbionts ( H- group) at the basal position of the ancestral Rclade of Dryophthoridae endosymbionts named Candidatus Nardonella but relatively distant from the S- clade of Sitophilus spp. endosymbionts. Endosymbionts from the H- group and the R- clade evolved more quickly compared with free- living enteric bacteria and endosymbionts from the S- and D- clades of Dryophthoridae. They are AT biased ( 58.3\% A + T), and they exhibit AT- rich insertions at the same position as previously described in the Candidatus Nardonella 16S rDNA sequence. Moreover, the host phylogenetic tree based on the mitochondrial COI gene was shown to be highly congruent with the H- group and the R- clade, the divergence of which was estimated to be around 125 MYA. These new molecular data show that endosymbiosis is old in Curculionids, going back at least to the common ancestor of Molytinae and Dryophthoridae, and is evolutionary stable, except in 2 Dryophthoridae clades, providing additional and independent supplementary evidence for endosymbiont replacement in these taxa.},
	keywords = {Dryophthoridae, Hylobius abietis, Hylobius transversovittatus},
	isbn = {0737-4038},
	author = {Conord, Cyrille and Despres, Laurence and Vallier, Agnes and Balmand, Severine and Miquel, Christian and Zundel, Stephanie and Lemperiere, Guy and Heddi, Abdelaziz}
}
@article {5469,
	title = {Genome scan to assess the respective role of host-plant and environmental constraints on the adaptation of a widespread insect},
	journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2009},
	month = {10 December},
	pages = {10pp.},
	abstract = {Background: The evolutionary success of phytophagous insects could result from their adaptation to different host-plants. Alternatively, the diversification of widespread species might be driven by adaptation along environmental gradients. To disentangle the respective roles of host- plant versus abiotic environmental variables acting on the genome of an oligophagous insect, we performed a genome scan using 83 unlinked AFLP markers on larvae of the large pine weevil collected on two host-plants (pine and spruce) in four forestry regions across Europe. Results: At this large geographic scale, the global genetic differentiation was low and there was no isolation by distance pattern, suggesting that migration is overwhelming genetic drift in this species. In this context, the widely used frequentist methods to detect outliers (e.g. Dfdist), which assume migration - drift equilibrium are not the most appropriate approach. The implementation of a recently developed Bayesian approach, conceived to detect outliers even in non-equilibrium situations, consistently detected 9 out of 83 loci as outliers. Eight of these were validated as outliers by multiple logistic regressions: six correlated with environmental variables, one with host-plant and one with the interaction between environmental variables and host-plant. Conclusion: These results suggest a relatively greater importance of abiotic environmental variables, as opposed to factors linked with the host-plant, in shaping genetic differentiation across the genome in this species. Logistic regression allows the nature of factors involved in locus-specific selection to be precisely identified and represents another step forward in the process of identifying adaptive loci.},
	isbn = {1471-2148},
	url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-9-288.pdf},
	author = {Manel, Stephanie and Conord, Cyrille and Despres, Laurence}
}
