@article {14003,
	title = {A comparison of two sampling methods for surveying mammalian herbivore impacts on beetle communities in the canopy of Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {87-98},
	abstract = {Even though several methods are used to sample and monitor canopy arthropods, there are no studies to indicate which of these methods is more effective. We compared the efficacy of the beating and canopy fogging methods in collecting beetles that inhabit Acacia drepanolobium (Harms) tree canopies at Mpala Research Centre in Laikipia district, Kenya. These trees grow naturally on the black cotton soils of the Laikipia ecosystem, accounting for more than 98 \% of the overstorey at the study site, and are important for local cattle and wildlife production. The ultimate objective of this study was to determine the effect of differential grazing and browsing pressure from large mammalian herbivores on the beetle communities of A. drepanolobium. Seven hundred and twenty trees 1.0-2.5 m tall were sampled using each method, making a total of 1440 trees. Sampling using the two methods was done concurrently and repeated quarterly over a period of 14 months. In total, 4320 individuals were collected, 1456 by beating and 2864 by fogging. The methods jointly yielded beetle specimens from 13 families and 55 morphospecies. Fogging collected significantly more beetle morphospecies than beating, and there was a significant interaction effect between method and sampling date. We found that numerically Anthicidae and Curculionidae responded positively to the presence of cattle. We also found that Anthicidae Spa. A and Myllocerus sp. A numbers significantly increased in plots where livestock were grazed.},
	keywords = {Curculionidae},
	isbn = {1021-3589},
	author = {Kuria, S. K. and Villet, M. H. and Palmer, T. M. and Stanton, M. L.}
}
@article {13362,
	title = {Biological control of dense-thorned bitter apple, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (Solanaceae), in South Africa},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {August},
	pages = {427-433},
	abstract = {Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. is a weed of disturbed areas in South Africa, particularly in the high-elevation summer rainfall areas of the country. Despite the introduction of the South American leaf-feeding tortoise beetle, Gratiana spadicea (Klug) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) in 1994, the weed has continued to spread. Although established in a number of regions, beetle populations appear to persist in relatively low numbers, inflicting minimal damage to the weed. Consequently, a number of variables have been investigated in order to explain this lack of efficacy, and in some cases, failure to establish. Gratiana spadicea populations in South Africa are under considerable stress both from abiotic and biotic sources. Population-limiting factors such as disturbance of overwintering sites, climatic incompatibility, and high rates of pupal parasitism translate into low numbers of the agent at the start of each growing season. Small early-season populations which are slow to build-up, coupled with asynchronous development of S. sisymbriifolium, limit the beetles{\textquoteright} effective-ness and pre-empt any impact on the weeds{\textquoteright} reproductive output. Consequently, G. spadicea alone is unlikely to control S. sisymbriifolium infestations in South Africa. The flower-feeding weevil Anthonomus sisymbrii Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Anthonominae), may therefore warrant study as it could have the potential, if released, to curtail fruit production and further spread of S. sisymbriifolium.},
	keywords = {Anthonomus sisymbrii},
	isbn = {1021-3589},
	author = {King, A. M. and Brudvig, R. and Byrne, M. J.}
}
@article {13363,
	title = {Biological control of cat{\textquoteright}s claw creeper, Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H. Gentry (Bignoniaceae), in South Africa},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {August},
	pages = {366-377},
	abstract = {The exotic vine Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H.Gentry (Bignoniaceae), cat{\textquoteright}s claw creeper, has become a significant threat to the biodiversity of a variety of sensitive ecosystems in South Africa. Owing to the nature of the infestations, as well as the difficulties and prohibitive costs associated with both mechanical and chemical controls, biological control is considered to be the most practical and sustainable means of successfully managing the weed in South Africa. The biological control programme against M. unguis-cati was initiated in 1996 and resulted in the release of Charidotis auroguttata Boheman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Despite repeated releases, initial rates of establishment were low. Where successfully established, populations of the beetle have been slow to build-up, leading to only limited impact on the weed. Prompted by this lack of success, as well as the high potential for further spread of the weed, additional natural enemies were sought. Two lace bugs, Carvalhotingis visenda Drake\&Hambleton, and Carvalhotingis hollandi Drake (Hemiptera: Tingidae), a leaf-mining beetle Hylaeogena (Hedwigiella) jureceki Obenberger (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a leaf-tying moth Hypocosmia pyrochroma Jones (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and a seed-feeding weevil Apteromechus notatus (Hustache) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were subsequently imported into quarantine in South Africa for host-specificity testing. With the exception of A. notatus, all have been approved for release and are exhibiting promising initial rates of establishment and damage at a number of field localities. Impact studies have shown that cat{\textquoteright}s claw creeper is susceptible to sustained herbivore pressure.},
	keywords = {Apteromechus notatus},
	isbn = {1021-3589},
	author = {King, A. M. and Williams, H. E. and Madire, L. G.}
}
@article {13114,
	title = {Terrestrial invertebrates of Gough Island: an assemblage under threat?},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Terrestrial invertebrates of Gough Island: an assemblage under threat? African Entomology 10},
	pages = {83-91},
	author = {Jones, A. and Chown, S.L. and Gaston, K.J.}
}
@article {12456,
	title = {Prospects for the biological control of invasive Pinus species (Pinaceae) in South Africa},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {August},
	pages = {393-401},
	abstract = {Nine Pinus species (Pinaceae) have become invasive plants in South Africa after being deliberately introduced and cultivated in commercial forests, for timber. A proposal to use biological control to contain the problem raised concerns among foresters who immediately identified a number of difficulties that could arise for the forestry industry if biological control agents were to be introduced. As a compromise, plans were made to target, initially at least, two pine species, Pinus pinaster Aiton and Pinus halepensis Mill., that currently have no commercial value. A cone-feeding weevil from Portugal, Pissodes validirostris Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was identified as the most promising agent. Formerly regarded as a single species, extensive preparatory studies revealed that there are several different forms (perhaps a complex of sibling species) of P. validirostris each associated with different pine species in different regions of Europe. Screening tests in arboreta in France showed that the prospective agent was host-specific enough to be used with safety in South Africa. Despite this positive finding, the programme did not proceed much further because subsequent trials in quarantine in South Africa showed that damage caused by the adult weevils feeding on leader shoots of pines allowed ingress of pitch canker, Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg and O{\textquoteright}Donnell (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae), an increasingly problematic pathogen in pine forests in South Africa. However, given the escalating negative consequences of pine tree invasions, especially in the Cape Floral Region, the question of whether or not this biological control programme should have been discontinued in 2009 remains open for debate and the opposing views on the subject are presented.},
	keywords = {Pissodes validirostris},
	isbn = {1021-3589},
	author = {Hoffmann, J.H. and Moran, V.C. and van Wilgen, B. W.}
}
@article {11368,
	title = {Biological control of Hakea sericea Schrad. \& J.C. Wendl. and Hakea gibbosa (Sm.) Cav. (Proteaceae) in South Africa},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {August},
	pages = {303-314},
	abstract = {Hakea sericea Schrad.\&J.C.Wendl. and Hakea gibbosa (Sm.) Cav. (Proteaceae), are small trees or shrubs that originate from Australia. Hakea sericea has become highly invasive and problematic in South Africa while H. gibbosa is less widespread and abundant but nevertheless problematic. Biological control against H. sericea started in 1970 with the release of two seed-attacking insects, a seed-feeding weevil, Erytenna consputa Pascoe (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and a seed-moth, Carposina autologa Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae). Both of these agents, together with an indigenous fungus, Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds f.sp. hakeae Lubbe, Denman, P.F. Cannon, J.Z. Groenew., Lampr.\&Crous (Incertae sedis: Glomerellaceae), and manual clearing have reduced the abundance, and possibly the invasiveness, of H. sericea, but large infestations still persist in the coastal mountains of the Cape Floral Region in the Western and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. The release in 1979 of a weevil, Cydmaea binotata Lea (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which bores in the terminal shoots and young needles of H. sericea has had a negligible effect. To enhance the levels of biological control, two new agents, a stem-boring beetle, Aphanasium australe (Boisduval) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and a flowerbud feeder, Dicomada rufa Blackburn (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were released in 2001 and 2006, respectively. The focus in this review is on progress since 1999 with the biological control and management of H. sericea. Releases of E. consputa and A. australe on H. gibbosa have met with limited success, the reasons for which are also reviewed.},
	keywords = {Erytenna consputa},
	isbn = {1021-3589},
	author = {Gordon, A. J. and Fourie, A.}
}
@article {10708,
	title = {Quantitative post-release evaluation of biological control of floating fern, Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell (Salviniaceae), with Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on the Senegal River and Senegal River delta},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {17},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {March},
	pages = {64-70},
	abstract = {The floating aquatic fern, Salvinia molesta D.S Mitchell (Salviniaceae) was first recorded in Senegal in 1999 and by 2000 it covered an estimated area of 18 000 ha on the Senegal River Left Bank and tributaries (Senegal) and 7840 ha on the Senegal River Right Bank (Mauritania). The weevil, Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was considered the best option for control and some 48 953 weevils were released at 270 sites during 2002. Within one year, weevils had established and were recovered up to 50 km from the release sites. At most of the release sites, the S. molesta infestation was reduced from 100 \% to less than 5 \% within 24 months of release. These results are discussed in the context of the weed{\textquoteright}s negative impact on aquatic systems.},
	keywords = {Cyrtobagous salviniae},
	isbn = {1021-3589},
	author = {Diop, O. and Hill, M. P.}
}
@article {10066,
	title = {Prospects for the biological control of submerged macrophytes in South Africa},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	month = {August},
	pages = {469-487},
	abstract = {Historically, biological control efforts against aquatic plants in South Africa have focused on floating species, and as a result, there has been a dearth of research into the invasion and control of submerged macrophytes. With numerous submerged invasive species already established in South Africa, thriving horticultural and aquarium industries, nutrient-rich water systems, and a limited knowledge of the drivers of invasions of submerged macrophytes, South Africa is highly vulnerable to a second phase of aquatic plant problems. Experience gained in the U.S.A. on biological control against submerged weeds, such as hydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae) and spiked/Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae), have provided South African researchers with the necessary foundation to initiate programmes against these weeds. Research in South Africa is currently focused on pre-release studies on the biological control of H. verticillata, using an undescribed fly, Hydrellia sp. (Diptera: Ephydridae) and a weevil, Bagous hydrillae O{\textquoteright}Brien (Coleoptera: Curculionidae); and on M. spicatum using a North American weevil, Euhrychiopsis lecontei Dietz (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Feasibility studies into biological control of some incipient submerged weeds are also being conducted, including Brazilian water weed, Egeria densa Planch. (Hydrocharitaceae), Canadian water weed, Elodea canadensis Mitch. (Hydrocharitaceae) and cabomba, Cabomba caroliniana A.Gray (Cabombaceae). Progress with, and potential constraints that may limit these programmes, are discussed.},
	isbn = {1021-3589},
	author = {Coetzee, J. A. and Bownes, A. and Martin, G. D.}
}
@article {9547,
	title = {Evaluation of techniques for monitoring banded fruit weevil, Phlyctinus callosus (Schoenherr) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), infestation in blueberry orchards},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {205-209},
	isbn = {1021-3589},
	author = {Bredenhand, E. and van Hoorn, A. and May, F. and Ferreira, T. and Johnson, S.}
}
@article {8931,
	title = {Effect of four mid-altitude maize varieties on oviposition, development and sex ratio of Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {2},
	year = {2010},
	month = {September},
	pages = {253-258},
	abstract = {Insects are the principal pests of maize in storage. The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), is of prime concern to farmers in the western highlands of Cameroon. Chemical insecticides for its control are costly and not readily available in Cameroon, hence the need for other non-chemical alternatives. Laboratory studies were carried out on the developmental biology of S. zeamais on four commonly cultivated mid-altitude maize varieties : KASAI, ATP, COCA-SR and ACR98TZEMSR-W. These varieties significantly influenced S. zeamais oviposition, development and emerged F1 progeny and grain weight loss. Duration of weevil development was significantly longer on COCA-SR and ATP than on the two other maize varieties. A significantly lower number of F1 progeny emerged from COCA-SR and ATP. Mean grain weight loss was lowest in COCA-SR and was correlated with duration of development. The reproductive potential of S. zeamais was significantly different on the four maize varieties, COCA-SR being the least favourable host.},
	keywords = {Sitophilus zeamais},
	isbn = {1021-3589},
	author = {Akob, C. A. and Ewete, F. K.}
}
@article {8061,
	title = {Systematics and evolution of the cycad-associated weevil genus Apinotropis Jordan (Coleoptera: Anthribidae).},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1999},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Systematics and evolution of the cycad-associated weevil genus Apinotropis Jordan (Coleoptera: Anthribidae). African Entomology 7},
	pages = {1-33},
	author = {R. G. Oberprieler}
}
@article {3597,
	title = {Host localtion and aggregation behaviour in Hylastes angustatus (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae).},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Host localtion and aggregation behaviour in Hylastes angustatus (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). African Entomology 2},
	pages = {7-11},
	author = {Erasmus, M.J. and Chown, S.L.}
}
@article {2602,
	title = {First record of Palirhoeus eatoni (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from sub-Antarctic Heard Island.},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2001},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  First record of Palirhoeus eatoni (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from sub-Antarctic Heard Island. African Entomology 9 ReferenceLetter:  a.},
	pages = {193-194},
	author = {Chown, S.L. and Klok, C.J.}
}
@article {2605,
	title = {New Bothrometopus species from Possession Island, Crozet Archipelago, with nomenclatural amendments and a key to its weevil fauna (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Brachycerinae).},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1994},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  New Bothrometopus species from Possession Island, Crozet Archipelago, with nomenclatural amendments and a key to its weevil fauna (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Brachycerinae). African Entomology 2},
	pages = {149-154},
	author = {Chown, S.L. and Kuschel, G.}
}
@article {2606,
	title = {Diversity and conservation of invertebrates on the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands.},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2002},
	note = {ORIG-Title-Journal-Volume-Combination:  Diversity and conservation of invertebrates on the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands. African Entomology 10},
	pages = {67-82},
	author = {Chown, S.L. and McGeoch, M.A. and Marshall, D.J.}
}
