01813nas a2200205   4500008004100000020001400041245013100055210006900186260001200255300001200267490000700279520104500286653003001331100003001361700001501391700002201406700002901428700001501457856013501472       2009                        eng d  a0307-697000aThe most ancient bark beetle known: a new tribe, genus and species from Lebanese amber (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)0 amost ancient bark beetle known a new tribe genus and species fro  cJanuary  a101-1120 v343 aCylindrobrotus pectinatus gen. et sp.n., a new scolytine species from Cretaceous Lebanese amber, is described. A new tribe, Cylindrobrotini trib.n., is proposed for this unique species, which demonstrates an unusual combination of some archaic and many advanced characters. This finding suggests that the Scolytinae became a distinct lineage of Curculionoidea from the Lower Cretaceous. Fossil records are reviewed, and some remarks on the origin and taxonomic position of bark and ambrosia beetles are made. Some comments on the various phylogenetic interpretations of the last 30 years are given, particularly in respect of their correspondence with the fossil record. The early appearance of Scolytinae in the fossil record before other Curculionidae (which appeared in the Upper Cretaceous) can be used as evidence against the hypothesis of bark beetles as offspring of weevils. The question of the taxonomic rank of bark beetles (separate subfamily or family) and their placement among other groups of the superfamily remains unsolved.10aCylindrobrotus pectinatus1 aKirejtshuk, Alexander, G.1 aAzar, Dany1 aBeaver, Roger, A.1 aMandelshtam, Mikhail, Yu1 aNel, Andre  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/most-ancient-bark-beetle-known-new-tribe-genus-and-species-lebanese-amber-coleoptera-curculionidae-s04565nas a2200841   4500008004100000020001400041245010700055210006900162260000900231300001200240490000700252520208800259653001002347653001702357653001502374653002302389653002402412653002302436653002202459653002402481653002502505653002202530653002202552653002002574653001702594653001202611653001502623653001502638653002002653653001902673653001802692653001802710653001502728653001902743653001502762653002802777653002202805653002702827653002902854653002602883653001702909653002502926653002602951653002502977653002903002653003003031653001503061653001303076653001803089653002603107653002703133653003003160653002903190653002703219653002903246653003003275653002803305653003003333653002903363653001603392653001503408653001403423653001103437653001503448653001603463653001403479653001603493100001603509700002403525700002203549700002503571856012703596       2007                        eng d  a0307-697000aCladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)0 aCladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborina C  cJuly  a568-5840 v323 aA cladistic analysis of morphological characters of the subtribe Xyleborina (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is presented. An examination of individual characters revealed little phylogenetic information in many characters currently used for delimiting genera. Phylogenetically stable characters were used for the evaluation of the contemporary generic concept. The following genera have been recovered as monophyletic: Cnestus, Dryocoetoides, Eccoptopterus, Xylosandrus, Schedlia, Sampsonius and Taurodemus. The following genera have been found to be polyphyletic: Amasa, Ambrosiodmus, Arixyleborus, Coptoborus, Coptodryas, Cryptoxyleborus, Cyclorhipidion, Euwallacea, Leptoxyleborus, Taphrodasus, Theoborus, Webbia, Xyleborinus and Xyleborus. The analysis permitted the resurrection of four genera: Anisandrus, Microperus, Pseudowebbia and Streptocranus. A number of new combinations at specific level are given: Anisandrus cornutus (Schaufuss, 1891), A. dispar (Fabricius, 1792), A. eggersi (Beeson, 1930), A. improbus (Sampson, 1913), A. longidens (Eggers, 1930), A. maiche Stark, 1936, A. obesus (LeConte, 1868), A. sayi Hopkins, 1915, A. apicalis (Blandford, 1894), A. hirtus (Hagedorn, 1904), Microperus myristicae (Schedl, 1939), M. eucalypticus (Schedl, 1938), M. huangi (Browne, 1983), M. intermedius (Eggers, 1923), M. kadoyamaensis (Murayama, 1934), Pseudowebbia armifer (Schedl, 1942), P. seriata Browne, 1963, P. squamatilis (Schedl, 1955), P. trepanicauda (Eggers, 1923), P. curvatus (Browne, 1986), Streptocranus bicolor Browne, 1949, S. bicuspis (Eggers, 1940), S. capucinulus (Schedl, 1942), S. forficatus (Schedl, 1957), S. fragilis Browne, 1949, S. longicauda Browne, 1960, S. longispinis Browne, 1986, S. mirabilis Schedl, 1939, S. usagaricus (Eggers, 1922), S. sexdentatus (Eggers, 1940). The characters most useful for generic-level taxonomy of Xyleborina were identified and their states refined and illustrated. An accompanying illustrated multiple-entry electronic key for the updated xyleborine classification has been published on-line at www.scolytid.msu.edu.10aAmasa10aAmbrosiodmus10aAnisandrus10aAnisandrus  dispar10aAnisandrus apicalis10aAnisandrus eggersi10aAnisandrus hirtus10aAnisandrus improbus10aAnisandrus longidens10aAnisandrus maiche10aAnisandrus obesus10aAnisandrus sayi10aArixyleborus10aCnestus10aCoptoborus10aCoptodryas10aCryptoxyleborus10aCyclorhipidion10aDryocoetoides10aEccoptopterus10aEuwallacea10aLeptoxyleborus10aMicroperus10aMicroperus eucalypticus10aMicroperus huangi10aMicroperus intermedius10aMicroperus kadoyamaensis10aMicroperus myristicae10aPseudowebbia10aPseudowebbia armifer10aPseudowebbia curvatus10aPseudowebbia seriata10aPseudowebbia squamatilis10aPseudowebbia trepanicauda10aSampsonius10aSchedlia10aStreptocranus10aStreptocranus bicolor10aStreptocranus bicuspis10aStreptocranus capucinulus10aStreptocranus forficatus10aStreptocranus fragilis10aStreptocranus longicauda10aStreptocranus longispinis10aStreptocranus mirabilis10aStreptocranus sexdentatus10aStreptocranus usagaricus10aTaphrodasus10aTaurodemus10aTheoborus10aWebbia10aXyleborina10aXyleborinus10aXyleborus10aXylosandrus1 aHulcr, Jiri1 aDole, Stephanie, A.1 aBeaver, Roger, A.1 aCognato, Anthony, I.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/cladistic-review-generic-taxonomic-characters-xyleborina-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytinae01582nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245010800055210006900163260001200232300001100244490000700255520096200262653001501224100002501239700002001264856012801284       2009                        eng d  a0307-697000a100 million years of morphological conservation in bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)0 a100 million years of morphological conservation in bark beetles   cJanuary  a93-1000 v343 aScolytine weevils (bark and ambrosia beetles) have a unique ecological significance in forest ecosystems, which equates to major effects on landscape ecology and to monetary losses. Fossilized galleries of scolytines have been reported in Late Mesozoic wood, but here we describe a well-preserved body fossil from the Cretaceous, c. 100 Ma, preserved in amber from northern Myanmar. Moreover, the specimen is remarkably similar to Recent species of the genus Microborus, revealing stasis unexpected within scolytines and thus highlighting the antiquity of the group. Stratigraphic dating and comparison of insect palaeofaunas included in other well-dated ambers from multiple sites support the age estimate of the Burmese amber. A minimum age for one clade of scolytines is thus established, indicating an early divergence of scolytines from other weevils in the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous and challenging the current perspective of weevil evolution.10aScolytinae1 aCognato, Anthony, I.1 aGrimaldi, David  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/100-million-years-morphological-conservation-bark-beetles-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytinae04066nas a2200121   4500008004100000245009100041210006900132300001200201490000700213520363100220100001803851856007503869       2006                        eng d00aTowards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)0 aTowards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils Coleo  a220-2870 v313 aA revised phylogenetic classification for derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Derelomini Lacordaire) is proposed,based on a cladistic analysis of 115 outgroup and ingroup taxa and 155 primarily morphological characters. The single most-parsimonious cladogram(length ¼ 271, consistency index ¼ 65, retention index ¼ 95) indicates that several genera must be excluded from the tribe, as they lack certain modifications of the mouthparts and a primary reproductive association with the inflorescences of palms. These include Araucarietus Kuschel, Eisingius Kuschel, and Planus Kuschel, new placements (now all Trypetidini); Euryscapoides Wibmer & O’Brien, new placement (Curculioninae incertae sedis); Neopsilorhinus Bovie, new placement (Erirhinidae: Erirhinini); and Pedetinus Faust, new placement (Eugnomini). Five subtribes are recognized within Derelomini. The oldest African and South American Derelomina have a carinate rostrum and lamellate dorsal scales. Grasidius Champion (previously Erirhinini) and Terires Champion (Storeini) are placed therein, new placements. Neoderelomus Hoffmann is nested within Derelomus Schoenherr, syn.n., and its only species is therefore renamed as D. piriformis (Hoffmann), comb.n. The predominantly Asian Acalyptina are reduced from tribal status, stat.n., to now be part of Derelomini, new placement. They are defined (inter alia) by truncate elytra. They also contain Eudela Pascoe and Eudelodes Zimmermann, new placements (previously Curculioninae incertae sedis). The New World Notolomina, subtr.n., are distinguished by bifurcate maxillary lacinial teeth and other mouthpart characters. Andranthobius mariahelenae (Bondar) (formerly Derelomus), comb.n., is added to this entity. Phyllotrogina, subtr.n., are a very diverse and mostly Neotropical lineage. They have two-segmented maxillary palps, a densely pubescent prosternum, and long macrosetae along the basal fifth of the posterior wing margin. Within the subtribe there are independent transitions to host plant associations with various dicots (Phyllotrox Schoenherr), Cyclanthaceae (e.g. Perelleschus Wibmer & O’Brien and Systenotelus Anderson & Go´ mez), and Araceae (Cyclanthura Franz). Their life history traits show related changes, including losses of the ability to pollinate, and more detrimental (herbivorous, seed-predating) larval developments (e.g. Cotithene Voss). Phyllotrox tatianae (Bondar) (formerly Derelomus), comb.n., is assigned to Phyllotrogina. Hypoleschus Fall is nested within Phyllotrox, syn.n., and thereby the latter now contains P. atratus (Fall), comb.n. The Central American palm-associated Androtrox Franz, gen.n., is proposed to accommodate A. megalops (Champion) (formerly Phyllotrox), comb.n., a species with large contiguous eyes and a set of mouthpart attributes convergently present in Andranthobius Kuschel (Notolomina) and Phyllotrox. The Neotropical Staminodeina, subtr.n., with a labial prementum with two triangular projections and a large anal lobe on the wing, probably represent a young clade of weevils specialized to oviposit into the ephemeral staminodes of Cyclanthaceae inflorescences. The apparent phylogenetic sequence of the subtribes is (Derelomina ((Acalyptina, Staminodeina) (Notolomina, Phyllotrogina))), with a Juanorhinini–Trypetidini clade as the most immediate outgroup, followed by various curculionine lineages. The revised system thus improves the taxonomy of derelomine weevils, and clarifies our understanding of their roles in the evolution of several tropical plant lineages – palms and cyclanths in particular.1 aFranz, N., M.  uhttp://academic.uprm.edu/%7Efranz/publications/DerelominePhylogeny.pdf04067nas a2200121   4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001200202490000700214520363100221100001803852856007503870       2006                        eng d00aTowards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).0 aTowards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils Coleo  a220-2870 v313 aA revised phylogenetic classification for derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Derelomini Lacordaire) is proposed,based on a cladistic analysis of 115 outgroup and ingroup taxa and 155 primarily morphological characters. The single most-parsimonious cladogram(length ¼ 271, consistency index ¼ 65, retention index ¼ 95) indicates that several genera must be excluded from the tribe, as they lack certain modifications of the mouthparts and a primary reproductive association with the inflorescences of palms. These include Araucarietus Kuschel, Eisingius Kuschel, and Planus Kuschel, new placements (now all Trypetidini); Euryscapoides Wibmer & O’Brien, new placement (Curculioninae incertae sedis); Neopsilorhinus Bovie, new placement (Erirhinidae: Erirhinini); and Pedetinus Faust, new placement (Eugnomini). Five subtribes are recognized within Derelomini. The oldest African and South American Derelomina have a carinate rostrum and lamellate dorsal scales. Grasidius Champion (previously Erirhinini) and Terires Champion (Storeini) are placed therein, new placements. Neoderelomus Hoffmann is nested within Derelomus Schoenherr, syn.n., and its only species is therefore renamed as D. piriformis (Hoffmann), comb.n. The predominantly Asian Acalyptina are reduced from tribal status, stat.n., to now be part of Derelomini, new placement. They are defined (inter alia) by truncate elytra. They also contain Eudela Pascoe and Eudelodes Zimmermann, new placements (previously Curculioninae incertae sedis). The New World Notolomina, subtr.n., are distinguished by bifurcate maxillary lacinial teeth and other mouthpart characters. Andranthobius mariahelenae (Bondar) (formerly Derelomus), comb.n., is added to this entity. Phyllotrogina, subtr.n., are a very diverse and mostly Neotropical lineage. They have two-segmented maxillary palps, a densely pubescent prosternum, and long macrosetae along the basal fifth of the posterior wing margin. Within the subtribe there are independent transitions to host plant associations with various dicots (Phyllotrox Schoenherr), Cyclanthaceae (e.g. Perelleschus Wibmer & O’Brien and Systenotelus Anderson & Go´ mez), and Araceae (Cyclanthura Franz). Their life history traits show related changes, including losses of the ability to pollinate, and more detrimental (herbivorous, seed-predating) larval developments (e.g. Cotithene Voss). Phyllotrox tatianae (Bondar) (formerly Derelomus), comb.n., is assigned to Phyllotrogina. Hypoleschus Fall is nested within Phyllotrox, syn.n., and thereby the latter now contains P. atratus (Fall), comb.n. The Central American palm-associated Androtrox Franz, gen.n., is proposed to accommodate A. megalops (Champion) (formerly Phyllotrox), comb.n., a species with large contiguous eyes and a set of mouthpart attributes convergently present in Andranthobius Kuschel (Notolomina) and Phyllotrox. The Neotropical Staminodeina, subtr.n., with a labial prementum with two triangular projections and a large anal lobe on the wing, probably represent a young clade of weevils specialized to oviposit into the ephemeral staminodes of Cyclanthaceae inflorescences. The apparent phylogenetic sequence of the subtribes is (Derelomina ((Acalyptina, Staminodeina) (Notolomina, Phyllotrogina))), with a Juanorhinini–Trypetidini clade as the most immediate outgroup, followed by various curculionine lineages. The revised system thus improves the taxonomy of derelomine weevils, and clarifies our understanding of their roles in the evolution of several tropical plant lineages – palms and cyclanths in particular.1 aFranz, N., M.  uhttp://academic.uprm.edu/%7Efranz/publications/DerelominePhylogeny.pdf02899nas a2200145   4500008004100000245012100041210006900162300001200231490000700243520236000250100003102610700003502641700001702676856006002693       2007                        eng d00aSystematics of Sitonini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), with a hypothesis on the evolution of feeding habits0 aSystematics of Sitonini Coleoptera Curculionidae Entiminae with   a312-3310 v323 aA new classification of Sitonini Gistel into ten genera is proposed, derived from a phylogenetic analysis based on morphology. Two subgenera of Sitona, Charagmus and Coelositona, are promoted to genus level. Sitona is restricted to the former nominotypical subgenus and redefined using apomorphies, and several species previously included in it are transferred to the genus Coelositona Gonza´ lez. The species composition of the genus Charagmus Scho¨ nherr is unchanged. Andrion gen.n. is described (type species: Curculio regensteinensis Herbst, 1794). Catachaenus Scho¨ nherr, 1840 is synonymized with Eugnathus Scho¨ nherr, 1834 (syn.n.). Homalorhinus lutosus Hochhuth, 1847 is removed from Sitonini. The relationships represented by the new classification correspond with the evolution of Fabaceae (Leguminosae), mostly with the group of ‘temperate herbaceous tribes’ or Hologalegina. This group is divided into the sister clades, Loteae s.l. and IRLC (inverted repeat-lacking clade) – a clade well defined by the loss of a structural mutation in the genome of the chloroplast. Andrion does not feed on Hologalegina. Charagmus and Coelositona feed on species of Loteae s.l., whereas members of the genus Sitona feed on species in IRLC. This ability to feed on IRLC plants seems to have been a key trait that enabled the radiation of Sitona into more than 100 species. A key to the genera of Sitonini and illustrations of important morphological features are provided. A new structure is described from the internal sac, the ‘hamuli’. The variability of hamuli between the species of Sitonini is an important new tool in the taxonomy of this tribe. New combinations: Eugnathus circulus (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1839), E. mangarinicus (Voss, 1925), E. scintillans (Pascoe, 1874), E. sulcifrons (Heller, 1934), Charagmus gressorius (Fabricius, 1792), Ch. intermedius Ku¨ ster, 1847, Ch. griseus (Fabricius, 1775), Ch. cachectus Gyllenhal, 1834, Ch. stierlini Reitter, 1903, Ch. variegatus (Fa˚ hraeus, 1840), Coelositona ribesi (Gonza´ lez, 1971), C. cambricus (Stephens, 1831), C. cinerascens (Fa˚ hraeus, 1840), C. limosus (Rossi, 1792), C. ocellatus (Ku¨ster, 1849), C. latipennis (Gyllenhal, 1834), C. puberulus (Reitter, 1903), C. villosus (Allard, 1869), Andrion regensteinense (Herbst, 1794) and Anemeroides lutosus (Hochhuth, 1847).1 ade Castro, A.J., Velasquez1 aAlonso-Zarazaga, Miguel, Angel1 aOuterelo, R.  uhttp://darwin.bio.ucm.es/usuarios/bba/cont/docs/103.pdf01935nas a2200109   4500008004100000245009900041210006900140520145900209100001801668700001701686856012201703       2010                        eng d00aCan higher-level phylogenies of weevils explain their evolutionary success? A critical review.0 aCan higherlevel phylogenies of weevils explain their evolutionar3 aWe review a series of related publications that combine higher-level phylogenies of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) with host plant information to explain the success of this megadiverse lineage in the context of a coevolutionary escape-and-radiation hypothesis. We argue that the authors' approach, though by no means isolated, is marred by the cumulative effect of (1) inadequate taxon sampling, particularly within the most diverse family Curculionidae;  (2) insufficient reconciliation of systematic evidence, including the reassessment of morphological characters and necessary classificatory emendations; (3) exceedingly wide concepts of ecological similarity, leading to uninformative tests of adaptation; (4) insufficient resolution of the temporal sequence of associated weevil and angiosperm radiations; and (5) inadequate consideration of alternatives to the escape-and-radiation hypothesis. As a result, there are very few new and reliable inferences about the evolutionary success of weevils that depend precisely on the phylogenetic data presented in these studies. Improved taxon sampling alone is not the solution, because the existing mid-level classification of weevils is too deficient to permit inferences about natural lineages and their ancestral traits. We therefore recommend abandoning such a higherlevel approach in favor of more narrowly focused reconstructions of the evolutionary history of generic and tribal groupings.1 aFranz, N., M.1 aEngel, M., S  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/can-higher-level-phylogenies-weevils-explain-their-evolutionary-success-critical-review04067nas a2200121   4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001200202490000700214520363100221100001803852856007503870       2006                        eng d00aTowards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).0 aTowards a phylogenetic system of derelomine flower weevils Coleo  a220-2870 v313 aA revised phylogenetic classification for derelomine flower weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Derelomini Lacordaire) is proposed,based on a cladistic analysis of 115 outgroup and ingroup taxa and 155 primarily morphological characters. The single most-parsimonious cladogram(length ¼ 271, consistency index ¼ 65, retention index ¼ 95) indicates that several genera must be excluded from the tribe, as they lack certain modifications of the mouthparts and a primary reproductive association with the inflorescences of palms. These include Araucarietus Kuschel, Eisingius Kuschel, and Planus Kuschel, new placements (now all Trypetidini); Euryscapoides Wibmer & O’Brien, new placement (Curculioninae incertae sedis); Neopsilorhinus Bovie, new placement (Erirhinidae: Erirhinini); and Pedetinus Faust, new placement (Eugnomini). Five subtribes are recognized within Derelomini. The oldest African and South American Derelomina have a carinate rostrum and lamellate dorsal scales. Grasidius Champion (previously Erirhinini) and Terires Champion (Storeini) are placed therein, new placements. Neoderelomus Hoffmann is nested within Derelomus Schoenherr, syn.n., and its only species is therefore renamed as D. piriformis (Hoffmann), comb.n. The predominantly Asian Acalyptina are reduced from tribal status, stat.n., to now be part of Derelomini, new placement. They are defined (inter alia) by truncate elytra. They also contain Eudela Pascoe and Eudelodes Zimmermann, new placements (previously Curculioninae incertae sedis). The New World Notolomina, subtr.n., are distinguished by bifurcate maxillary lacinial teeth and other mouthpart characters. Andranthobius mariahelenae (Bondar) (formerly Derelomus), comb.n., is added to this entity. Phyllotrogina, subtr.n., are a very diverse and mostly Neotropical lineage. They have two-segmented maxillary palps, a densely pubescent prosternum, and long macrosetae along the basal fifth of the posterior wing margin. Within the subtribe there are independent transitions to host plant associations with various dicots (Phyllotrox Schoenherr), Cyclanthaceae (e.g. Perelleschus Wibmer & O’Brien and Systenotelus Anderson & Go´ mez), and Araceae (Cyclanthura Franz). Their life history traits show related changes, including losses of the ability to pollinate, and more detrimental (herbivorous, seed-predating) larval developments (e.g. Cotithene Voss). Phyllotrox tatianae (Bondar) (formerly Derelomus), comb.n., is assigned to Phyllotrogina. Hypoleschus Fall is nested within Phyllotrox, syn.n., and thereby the latter now contains P. atratus (Fall), comb.n. The Central American palm-associated Androtrox Franz, gen.n., is proposed to accommodate A. megalops (Champion) (formerly Phyllotrox), comb.n., a species with large contiguous eyes and a set of mouthpart attributes convergently present in Andranthobius Kuschel (Notolomina) and Phyllotrox. The Neotropical Staminodeina, subtr.n., with a labial prementum with two triangular projections and a large anal lobe on the wing, probably represent a young clade of weevils specialized to oviposit into the ephemeral staminodes of Cyclanthaceae inflorescences. The apparent phylogenetic sequence of the subtribes is (Derelomina ((Acalyptina, Staminodeina) (Notolomina, Phyllotrogina))), with a Juanorhinini–Trypetidini clade as the most immediate outgroup, followed by various curculionine lineages. The revised system thus improves the taxonomy of derelomine weevils, and clarifies our understanding of their roles in the evolution of several tropical plant lineages – palms and cyclanths in particular.1 aFranz, N., M.  uhttp://academic.uprm.edu/%7Efranz/publications/DerelominePhylogeny.pdf02899nas a2200145   4500008004100000245012100041210006900162300001200231490000700243520236000250100003102610700003502641700001702676856006002693       2007                        eng d00aSystematics of Sitonini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), with a hypothesis on the evolution of feeding habits0 aSystematics of Sitonini Coleoptera Curculionidae Entiminae with   a312-3310 v323 aA new classification of Sitonini Gistel into ten genera is proposed, derived from a phylogenetic analysis based on morphology. Two subgenera of Sitona, Charagmus and Coelositona, are promoted to genus level. Sitona is restricted to the former nominotypical subgenus and redefined using apomorphies, and several species previously included in it are transferred to the genus Coelositona Gonza´ lez. The species composition of the genus Charagmus Scho¨ nherr is unchanged. Andrion gen.n. is described (type species: Curculio regensteinensis Herbst, 1794). Catachaenus Scho¨ nherr, 1840 is synonymized with Eugnathus Scho¨ nherr, 1834 (syn.n.). Homalorhinus lutosus Hochhuth, 1847 is removed from Sitonini. The relationships represented by the new classification correspond with the evolution of Fabaceae (Leguminosae), mostly with the group of ‘temperate herbaceous tribes’ or Hologalegina. This group is divided into the sister clades, Loteae s.l. and IRLC (inverted repeat-lacking clade) – a clade well defined by the loss of a structural mutation in the genome of the chloroplast. Andrion does not feed on Hologalegina. Charagmus and Coelositona feed on species of Loteae s.l., whereas members of the genus Sitona feed on species in IRLC. This ability to feed on IRLC plants seems to have been a key trait that enabled the radiation of Sitona into more than 100 species. A key to the genera of Sitonini and illustrations of important morphological features are provided. A new structure is described from the internal sac, the ‘hamuli’. The variability of hamuli between the species of Sitonini is an important new tool in the taxonomy of this tribe. New combinations: Eugnathus circulus (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1839), E. mangarinicus (Voss, 1925), E. scintillans (Pascoe, 1874), E. sulcifrons (Heller, 1934), Charagmus gressorius (Fabricius, 1792), Ch. intermedius Ku¨ ster, 1847, Ch. griseus (Fabricius, 1775), Ch. cachectus Gyllenhal, 1834, Ch. stierlini Reitter, 1903, Ch. variegatus (Fa˚ hraeus, 1840), Coelositona ribesi (Gonza´ lez, 1971), C. cambricus (Stephens, 1831), C. cinerascens (Fa˚ hraeus, 1840), C. limosus (Rossi, 1792), C. ocellatus (Ku¨ster, 1849), C. latipennis (Gyllenhal, 1834), C. puberulus (Reitter, 1903), C. villosus (Allard, 1869), Andrion regensteinense (Herbst, 1794) and Anemeroides lutosus (Hochhuth, 1847).1 ade Castro, A.J., Velasquez1 aAlonso-Zarazaga, Miguel, Angel1 aOuterelo, R.  uhttp://darwin.bio.ucm.es/usuarios/bba/cont/docs/103.pdf00517nas a2200109   4500008004100000245012300041210006900164300001200233490000700245100002100252856013400273       2005                        eng d00aNew Oxycoryninae from Central and South America: Phylogenetic and Biogeographical Implications (Coleoptera: Belidae). 0 aNew Oxycoryninae from Central and South America Phylogenetic and  a644-6520 v301 aAnderson, R., S.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/new-oxycoryninae-central-and-south-america-phylogenetic-and-biogeographical-implications-coleoptera02557nas a2200349   4500008004100000020001400041245008700055210006900142300001200211490000600223520137300229653001801602653002601620653003101646653002601677653002301703653002601726653002901752653002701781653002501808653002701833653002901860653003301889653002901922653002401951653002801975653002702003653002802030653002602058100001602084856010702100       1978                        eng d  a0307-697000aRevision of the Neotropical weevil genus Phymatophosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)0 aRevision of the Neotropical weevil genus Phymatophosus Coleopter  a103-1300 v33 aThe genus Phymatophosus includes 17 spp. of neotropical Cryptorhynchinae, with hosts in the plant family Cucurbitaceae; P. scapularis Champion and P. atropos (Boheman) are seed predators of Cayaponia spp. and Fevillea, respectively; P. squameus Faust is a stem borer of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz (chuchu or chayote). The species are keyed, described and illustrated, their distributions mapped. They are arranged in 5 species groups: the P. leucomelas group, P. albocaudatus Hustache, P. camelus comb. nov. (ex Cryptacrus camelus Fiedler), P. dysmorphus sp. nov. [Brazil], P. leucomelas comb. nov. (ex Cryptorhynchus leucomelas Boheman), P. scops comb. nov. (ex Cryptacrus scops Pascoe), P. semialbus comb. nov. (ex Cryptacrus semialbus Fiedler); P. egregius group, P. akestra sp. nov. [Argentina], P. egregius sp. nov. [Bolivia], P. enodis sp. nov. [Surinam], P. scapularis group, P. balloui sp. nov. [Costa Rica], P. bufo sp. nov. [Brazil], P. scapularis Champion (P. multicristatus Champoin syn. nov. P. variegatus Fiedler syn. nov.); P. squameus group, P. squameus Faust, P. verrucula sp. nov. [Brazil], P. verutus sp. nov. [Argentina]; P. atropos group, P. atropos (Boheman), P. lachesis comb. nov. (ex Cryptacrus lachesis Fiedler). The apparent sister group of Phymatophosus is the P. latisquamis group of the Neotropical tylodine genus Pseudomopsis Champion.10aPhymatophosus10aPhymatophosus akestra10aPhymatophosus albocaudatus10aPhymatophosus balloui10aPhymatophosus bufo10aPhymatophosus camelus10aPhymatophosus dysmorphus10aPhymatophosus egregius10aPhymatophosus enodis10aPhymatophosus lachesis10aPhymatophosus leucomelas10aPhymatophosus multicristatus10aPhymatophosus scapularis10aPhymatophosus scops10aPhymatophosus semialbus10aPhymatophosus squameus10aPhymatophosus verrucula10aPhymatophosus verutus1 aClark, W.E.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/revision-neotropical-weevil-genus-phymatophosus-coleoptera-curculionidae