01871nas a2200217   4500008004500000020001400045245007700059210006900136260001000205300001200215490000800227520117200235653001801407653002101425653002401446100002201470700002201492700002301514700001701537856009901554       2008                        Engldsh    a0953-756200aBeauveria caledonica is a naturally occurring pathogen of forest beetles0 aBeauveria caledonica is a naturally occurring pathogen of forest  cMarch  a352-3600 v1123 aIn New Zealand, two introduced scolytid beetles, Hylastes ater and Hylurgus ligniperda (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are pests in pine plantations. Investigation of the naturally occurring pathogens of these exotic pests revealed that both are attacked by Beauveria caledonica, a species originally isolated and described from soil in Scotland. The isolates in New Zealand were identical in morphology and conserved DNA region (rDNA, elongation factor a) sequence to isolates held in the USDA-ARS insect pathogens culture collection. In bioassay, the B. caledonica isolates were highly pathogenic to adults of H. ligniperda and larvae of Tenebrio molitor. Sporulation. was observed on cadavers, confirming the species can utilise the cadavers. As both species were likely to have been introduced to New Zealand from Europe, a search was made for B. caledonica in the northern UK and Ireland. The fungus was found as a naturally-occurring pathogen of the weevil pest, Hylobius abietis (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), developing in spruce and other beetles in forests in both regions. (C) 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.10aHylastes ater10aHylobius abietis10aHylurgus ligniperda1 aGlare, Travis, R.1 aReay, Stephen, D.1 aNelson, Tracey, L.1 aMoore, Roger  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/beauveria-caledonica-naturally-occurring-pathogen-forest-beetles01487nas a2200217   4500008004500000020001400045245012300059210006900182260000900251300001000260490000700270520069600277653002400973653002400997100002301021700002001044700002201064700002501086700002301111856013501134       2008                        Engldsh    a0370-432700aNew occurrences of Bursaphelenchus species (Nematoda Parasitaphelenchidae) phoretic associate of bark beetles in Italy0 aNew occurrences of Bursaphelenchus species Nematoda Parasitaphel  c2008  a67-710 v913 aTwo associations, new for Italy, between the scolytids Hylurgus ligniperda (F.) and Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston) with Bursaphelenchus hellenicus Skarmoutsos, Braasch & Michalopoulou and B. sexdentati Ruhm, respectively, are reported. The dispersal juveniles were found beneath the elytra of the insects captured in a mixed wood with pines and broadleaved trees in the Country Park of San Rossore (Pisa) in Tuscany (Italy). Nematodes were identified observing under ligth microscope adults obtained from dispersal juveniles multiplied on Botrytis cinerea Pets. ex Fr. Culture; B. hellenicus, detected for the first time in Italy, was determined also on the basis of PCR, ITS-RFLP analysis.10aHylurgus ligniperda10aOrthotomicus erosus1 aCarletti, Beatrice1 aIrdani, Tiziana1 aAmbrogioni, Laura1 aPennacchio, Fabrizio1 aFrancardi, Valeria  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/new-occurrences-bursaphelenchus-species-nematoda-parasitaphelenchidae-phoretic-associate-bark-beetle01780nas a2200181   4500008004500000020001400045245011200059210006900171260000900240300001200249490000700261520110600268653002401374653002001398653002401418100002301442856013301465       2008                        Engldsh    a0370-432700aBursaphelenchus species with their natural vectors in Italy: distribution and essential diagnostic features0 aBursaphelenchus species with their natural vectors in Italy dist  c2008  a111-1170 v913 aAccording to data collected during several surveys, accomplished from 1992 to 2007 in coniferous and deciduous trees, together with those obtained from Servizi Fitosanitari Regionali, in order to the request of European Union, a total of twelve nominal Bursaphelenchus species plus one, not yet identified, were collected in Italy. Among these species Bursaphelenchus mucronatus Mamiya & Enda and B. eremus Ruhm (Goodey) appeared to be the most frequently found in coniferous and deciduous trees respectively. For B. eggersi Ruhm (Goodey), B. idius Ruhm (Goodey) and B. silvestris (Lieutier & Laumond) Baujard, species already reported in Europe, this is the first record of their occurrence in Italy; for B. minutus Walia, Negi, Bajaj & Kalia, as far as we know, this is the second record in the world after India, where the species has been first described. Diagnostic characters, illustrated by microphotographs or drawings, are described for the Bursaphelenchus species occurring in Italy and an extensive review on their occurrence throughout the world, host range and insect vectors is reported.10aHylurgus ligniperda10aIps sexdentatus10aScolytus intricatus1 aCarletti, Beatrice  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/bursaphelenchus-species-their-natural-vectors-italy-distribution-and-essential-diagnostic-features01387nas a2200241   4500008004500000020001400045245009000059210006900149260000900218300001200227490000700239520057700246653002400823653002400847653002000871653002400891653002400915653003000939653002300969100002300992700002101015856010901036       2008                        Engldsh    a0370-432700aEvaluation of scanning electron microscopy to study nematodes associated with insects0 aEvaluation of scanning electron microscopy to study nematodes as  c2008  a185-1870 v913 aBark and longhorn beetles were collected and screened for the presence of nematodes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was necessary since most adult insects, isolated from traps and recently felled trees, were dead. The insects, suitably preserved and treated for SEM observations, presented juvenile forms of nematodes packed in a cocoon-like structure covered with a protective sticky substance, which attaches the nematodes to the insect's body. Most nematodes were found beneath the elytra but also under the wings, around the abdominal spiracles and on the abdomen.10aHylurgops palliatus10aHylurgus ligniperda10aIps typographus10aOrthotomicus erosus10aXyleborus saxesenii10aXylosandrus crassiusculus10aXyloterus lineatus1 aBenvenuti, Claudia1 aBaccetti, Baccio  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/evaluation-scanning-electron-microscopy-study-nematodes-associated-insects02690nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245017900055210006900234260001200303300001200315490000700327520186300334653002402197100002202221700002102243700002102264700001802285700001602303700001802319856013502337       2007                        eng d  a0045-506700aThe introduced bark beetles Hylurgus ligniperda and Hylastes ater (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Chile: seasonal flight and effect of Pinus radiata log placement on colonization0 aintroduced bark beetles Hylurgus ligniperda and Hylastes ater Co  cJanuary  a156-1690 v373 aThe seasonal flight of Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabr.) and Hylastes ater (Paykull) and the effect of log placement in Pinus radiata D. Don plantations on colonization by these species in Chile are described. Seasonal flight activity was monitored with [alpha]-pinene and ethanol-baited traps at three sites and colonization synchrony with trap logs. In two experiments with individual logs and log decks, data were recorded on adults found under the logs, attacks on the bark surface, and adults beneath the bark of logs in three storage treatments: individual logs and log decks (1) touching the soil; (2) elevated above the soil; and (3) touching other logs (individual logs) or logs separated with spacers (log decks). Each treatment was replicated in a plantation and a clearcut. At San Jose (region IX) and Pena Blanca (region VIII), H. ligniperda flew primarily in spring and H. ater flew in spring and fall. At Brasil (region VIII), H. ligniperda and H. ater flew primarily in summer through fall. The flight of H. ligniperda was more synchronized with colonization of logs than was that of H. ater. The mean number of attacks was significantly higher on individual logs and log decks stored on the soil than on those elevated above the soil, and significantly higher in the clearcut than in the plantation. Mean numbers of adults beneath the bark did not vary significantly among individual-log treatments, but were significantly lower in the log decks separated by spacers. Logging during nondispersal periods (June-August in regions VIII-X) and storing log decks above the soil could reduce beetle colonization of newly cut logs. With this information, management of recently cut logs (harvesting, transport, and storage operations) could be scheduled and executed so as to reduce the risk of these species being introduced into log-importing countries10aHylurgus ligniperda1 aMausel, David, L.1 aGara, Robert, I.1 aLanfranco, Dolly1 aRuiz, Cecilia1 aIde, Sandra1 aAzat, Rodrigo  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/introduced-bark-beetles-hylurgus-ligniperda-and-hylastes-ater-coleoptera-scolytidae-chile-seasonal-f03062nas a2200265   4500008004100000020001400041245010100055210006900156260001100225300001400236490000800250520219500258653001802453653002402471653002602495100002102521700001702542700002402559700002002583700001802603700001602621700001602637700002002653856012302673       2010                        eng d  a0378-112700aPredicting sapstain and degrade in fallen trees following storm damage in a Pinus radiata forest0 aPredicting sapstain and degrade in fallen trees following storm   cSep 30  a1456-14660 v2603 aStorm damage in production forests constitutes a major source of economic loss world wide, yet the retrieval of salvageable timber remains problematic. In particular, an inability to anticipate when sapstain and degrade will appear hampers the planning of log recovery operations. A study was conducted to monitor the deterioration of fallen trees following two winter storms causing wind and snow damage in a Pinus radiata plantation forest in the upper South Island of New Zealand. Percentage sapstain, incidence of basidiomycete decay fungi, and frequency of bark beetle infestation increased, while percentage sapwood moisture content decreased, over a period of 1 year. These changes proceeded more rapidly in fallen trees that were severed at stump height, to simulate breakage, than in those that were left partially rooted. There was little beetle activity at the time of the storms, but Arhopalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Pachycotes peregrinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), were collected in flight traps during the following spring and summer. The predominant fungal species associated with sapstain was Diplodia pinea, while Ophiostoma piceae and Grosmannia huntii were isolated near the end of the period. The main decay fungi obtained were Phlebiopsis gigantea, Stereum sanguinolentum, and Schizophyllum commune. A generalized linear mixed model was constructed to predict the development of sapstain in fallen trees for conditions prevailing during the study after a storm at the same time of year. According to the model, a 10 m long butt log of 22 cm mid length diameter will have minimal stain (<10% of the cross sectional area affected) when cut from severed stems up to 4 months after the storm; if taken from still-rooted trees this period will extend to 1 year. However, because of large between-tree variation, economically productive log recovery will also depend on the proportion of trees that lie below an acceptable sapstain threshold. Further research is needed to determine regional and seasonal influences on the development of sapstain in fallen trees. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10aHylastes ater10aHylurgus ligniperda10aPachycotes peregrinus1 aMcCarthy, J., K.1 aHood, I., A.1 aBrockerhoff, E., G.1 aCarlson, C., A.1 aPawson, S., M1 aForward, M.1 aWalbert, K.1 aGardner, J., F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/predicting-sapstain-and-degrade-fallen-trees-following-storm-damage-pinus-radiata-forest