01997nas a2200181   4500008004100000020002500041245015400066210006900220260000900289300000900298490000900307520135600316653002001672100002101692700001901713700001801732856006501750       2012                        eng d  a0033-2615; 1687-743800aDeclining Bark Beetle Densities (Ips typographus, Coleoptera: Scolytinae) from Infested Norway Spruce Stands and Possible Implications for Management0 aDeclining Bark Beetle Densities Ips typographus Coleoptera Scoly  c2012  a7pp.0 v20123 aThe eight-toothed spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) is the most serious insect pest in Central European forests. During the past two decades, extreme meteorological events and subsequent beetle infestations have killed millions of cubic meters of standing spruce trees. Not all the infested stands could be cleared in time, and priorities inmanagement had to be set. Natural orman-made buffer zones of about 500 meters in width are frequently defined to separate differently managed stands in Central Europe. While the buffer zones seemto be effective inmost of the cases, their impact has not been studied in detail. Beetle densities were therefore assessed in three case studies using pheromone traps along transects, leading from infested stands into spruce-free buffer zones. The results of the trap catches allow an estimation of the buffer zone influence on densities and the dispersal of Ips typographus. Beetle densities were found to decrease rapidly with increasing distance from the infested spruce stands. The trap catches were below high-risk thresholds within a few hundred meters of the infested stands. The decrease in catches was more pronounced in open land and in an urban area than in a broadleaf stand. Designed bu?er zones of 500m width without spruce can therefore very probably help to reduce densities of spreading beetles.10aIps typographus1 aAngst, Alexander1 aRueegg, Regula1 aForster, Beat  uhttp://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/2012/321084.pdf01593nas a2200181   4500008004100000020002500041245014600066210006900212260000900281300000800290490000900298520097400307653001801281653002401299100001401323700001801337856005601355       2012                        eng d  a0033-2615; 1687-743800aPerformance of Tomicus yunnanensis and Tomicus minor (Col., Scolytinae) on Pinus yunnanensis and Pinus armandii in Yunnan, Southwestern China0 aPerformance of Tomicus yunnanensis and Tomicus minor Col Scolyti  c2012  a1-60 v20123 aPine shoot beetles, Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall and Faccoli and Tomi cus minor Hartig (Col., Scolytinae), have been causing substantial mortality to Yunnan pine (Pinus yunnanensis Franch) in Yunnan, southwestern China, whereas only a few Armand pine (Pinus armandii Franch) were attacked by the beetles. In order to evaluate the suitability of P. armandii as host material for the two Tomi cus, adults of both Tomi cus were caged on living branches and felled logs of the two pines during shoot feeding and trunk attack phase, respectively. More beetles survived on the living branches of P. yunnanensis than on P. armandii. Tomi cus yunnanensis and T. minor produced similar progeny in the logs of the two pines. The sex ratio and developmental period were not affected by host species, but the brood beetles emerging from Armand pine weighed less than those from Yunnan pine, suggesting that P. armandii are less suitable to be host of T. yunnanensis and T. minor.10aTomicus minor10aTomicus yunnanensis1 aZhao, Tao1 aLangstrom, Bo  uhttp://www.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/2012/363767/01910nas a2200241   4500008004100000020002500041245011300066210006900179260000900248300000900257490000900266520116700275653001801442653002401460100001901484700001801503700001601521700002001537700001701557700001901574700001901593856005601612       2012                        eng d  a0033-2615; 1687-743800aCoexistence and Competition between Tomicus yunnanensis and T. minor (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in Yunnan Pine0 aCoexistence and Competition between Tomicus yunnanensis and T mi  c2012  a6pp.0 v20123 aCompetition and cooperation between bark beetles, Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall and Faccoli and Tomicus minor (Hartig) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) were examined when they coexisted together in living Yunnan pine trees (Pinus yunnanensis Franchet) in Yunnan province in Southwest China. T. yunnanensis bark beetles were observed to initiate dispersal from pine shoots to trunks in November, while the majority of T. minor begins to transfer in December. T. yunnanensis mainly attacks the top and middle parts of the trunk, whereas T. minor mainly resides in the lower and middle parts of the trunk. The patterns of attack densities of these two species were similar, but with T. yunnanensis colonizing the upper section of the trunk and T. minor the lower trunk. The highest attack density of T. Yunnanensis was 297 egg galleries/m2, and the highest attack density of T. minor was 305 egg galleries/m2 . Although there was significant overlap for the same bark areas, the two species generally colonize different areas of the tree, which reduces the intensity of competition for the relatively thin layer of phloem-cambium tissues where the beetles feed and reside.10aTomicus minor10aTomicus yunnanensis1 aLu, Rong, Chun1 aWang, Hongbin1 aZhang, Zhen1 aByers, John, A.1 aJin, You, Ju1 aWen, Hai, Feng1 aShi, Wen, Jian  uhttp://www.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/2012/185312/01935nas a2200169   4500008004100000020002500041245024400066210006900310260000900379300000800388490000900396520124200405653002001647100001801667700002401685856005601709       2012                        eng d  a0033-2615; 1687-743800aFlight Dynamics and Abundance of Ips sexdentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Different Sawmills from Northern Spain: Differences between Local Pinus radiata (Pinales: Pinaceae) and Southern France Incoming P. pinaster Timber0 aFlight Dynamics and Abundance of Ips sexdentatus Coleoptera Curc  c2012  a1-60 v20123 aIn January 2009, the windstorm "Klaus" struck the southern part of France, affecting 37.9 million m3 of maritime pine Pinus pinaster Aiton (Pinales: Pinaceae). This breeding plant material favored the outbreak of Ips sexdentatus (B orner) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). As much of this timber is imported to the Basque Country (northern Spain), a potential risk to conifer stands is generated, due to the emergence of the incoming beetles. Thus, flight dynamics and beetle abundance were compared in different sawmills, according to the timber species (either local P. radiata D. Don or imported P. pinaster). A maximum flight peak of I. sexdentatus was observed in mid-June in P. pinaster importing sawmills, whereas a second lighter peak occurred in September. In contrast, only a maximum peak in mid-June was observed in P. radiata inhabiting beetles, being significantly smaller than in local P. pinaster trading sawmills. In addition, significant differences were found between imported P. pinaster and P. radiata regarding the number of insects beneath the bark. The development of IPM strategies for controlling I. sexdentatus populations is recommended, due to the insect abundance found in P. pinaster imported timber.10aIps sexdentatus1 aLopez, Sergio1 aGoldarazena, Arturo  uhttp://www.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/2012/145930/01631nas a2200157   4500008004100000020002500041245014100066210006900207260000900276300000900285490000900294520106800303653002601371100002001397856005601417       2012                        eng d  a0033-2615; 1687-743800aBark Beetles, Pityogenes bidentatus, Orienting to Aggregation Pheromone Avoid Conifer Monoterpene Odors When Flying but Not When Walking0 aBark Beetles Pityogenes bidentatus Orienting to Aggregation Pher  c2012  a1-100 v20123 aPrevious studies and data presented here suggest that odors from healthy host Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) and nonhost Norway spruce (Picea abies), as well as major monoterpenes of these trees at natural release rates, significantly reduce the attraction of flying bark beetles, Pityogenes bidentatus, of both sexes to their aggregation pheromone components grandisol and cis-verbenol in the field, as tested by slow rotation of trap pairs. In contrast, P. bidentatusmales and females walking in an open-arena olfactometer in the laboratory did not avoid monoterpene vapors at release rates spanning several orders of magnitude in combination with aggregation pheromone. The bark beetle may avoid monoterpenes when flying as a mechanism for avoiding nonhost species, vigorous and thus unsuitable host trees, as well as harmful resinous areas of hosts. Inhibition of this dlight avoidance response in beetles after landing would allow them to initiate, or to find and enter, gallery holes with high monoterpene vapor concentrations inorder to feed and reproduce.10aPityogenes bidentatus1 aByers, John, A.  uhttp://www.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/2012/940962/02011nas a2200193   4500008004100000020002500041245013000066210006900196260000900265300000900274490000900283520137400292653000801666100002201674700002201696700002201718700002101740856005601761       2012                        eng d  a0033-2615; 1687-743800aPheromone Production, Attraction, and Interspecific Inhibition among Four Species of Ips Bark Beetles in the Southeastern USA0 aPheromone Production Attraction and Interspecific Inhibition amo  c2012  a1-140 v20123 aHindgut volatiles fromattacking, unmatedmales of Ips avulsus, I. calligraphus, I. grandicollis,and I. pini were analyzed by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Based on the quantitative identifications of hindguts and subsequent individual aerations, baits were formulated and a combined species-specific subtractive field bioassay was set up for the four bark beetle species. The bioassays were subtractive for the compounds identified in the hindgut analysis of each species, and volatiles identified in sympatric species were added as potential inhibitors alone and in combination. The trap catches from this bioassay revealed strong interspecific inhibition. The subtractive assays showed that I. grandicollis and I. calligraphus share ([long dash])-(4S)-cis-verbenol as one pheromone component, while their second, synergistic pheromone component, ([long dash])-(S)-ipsenol in I. grandicollis and ([plus or minus])- ipsdienol in I. calligraphus, acts as an interspecific inhibitor to the other species. I. avulsus and I. pini were found to have very similar production of hindgut volatiles, and both use ipsdienol and lanierone as synergistic pheromone components. No beetle- produced interspecific inhibitor was identified between these two species. Lanierone was found to be an interspecific inhibitor for both I. calligraphus and I. grandicollis.10aIps1 aBirgersson, Goran1 aDalusky, Mark, J.1 aEspelie, Karl, E.1 aBerisford, Wayne  uhttp://www.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/2012/532652/