02410nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245009400055210006900149260001100218300001200229490000700241520178700248653002702035100001902062700001602081700002302097856010802120       2011                        eng d  a1021-358900aProspects for the biological control of invasive Pinus species (Pinaceae) in South Africa0 aProspects for the biological control of invasive Pinus species P  cAugust  a393-4010 v193 aNine Pinus species (Pinaceae) have become invasive plants in South Africa after being deliberately introduced and cultivated in commercial forests, for timber. A proposal to use biological control to contain the problem raised concerns among foresters who immediately identified a number of difficulties that could arise for the forestry industry if biological control agents were to be introduced. As a compromise, plans were made to target, initially at least, two pine species, Pinus pinaster Aiton and Pinus halepensis Mill., that currently have no commercial value. A cone-feeding weevil from Portugal, Pissodes validirostris Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was identified as the most promising agent. Formerly regarded as a single species, extensive preparatory studies revealed that there are several different forms (perhaps a complex of sibling species) of P. validirostris each associated with different pine species in different regions of Europe. Screening tests in arboreta in France showed that the prospective agent was host-specific enough to be used with safety in South Africa. Despite this positive finding, the programme did not proceed much further because subsequent trials in quarantine in South Africa showed that damage caused by the adult weevils feeding on leader shoots of pines allowed ingress of pitch canker, Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg and O'Donnell (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae), an increasingly problematic pathogen in pine forests in South Africa. However, given the escalating negative consequences of pine tree invasions, especially in the Cape Floral Region, the question of whether or not this biological control programme should have been discontinued in 2009 remains open for debate and the opposing views on the subject are presented.10aPissodes validirostris1 aHoffmann, J.H.1 aMoran, V.C.1 avan Wilgen, B., W.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/prospects-biological-control-invasive-pinus-species-pinaceae-south-africa01723nas a2200133   4500008004100000245020500041210006900246300001200315490000700327520108500334100001901419700001601438856013501454       1992                        eng d00aOviposition patterns and the supplementary role of a seed-feeding weevil, Rhyssomatus marginatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in the biological control of a perennial leguminous weed, Sesbania punicea0 aOviposition patterns and the supplementary role of a seedfeeding  a343-3470 v823 aA seed-feeding curculionid, Rhyssomatus marginatus Fåhraeus, was introduced into South Africa for biological control of a perennial leguminous weed, Sesbania punicea, from South America. R. marginatus has become established even though its larval food source, seeds in ripening pods, is severely depleted by another biological control agent, an apionid, Trichapion lativentre (Beguin Billecocq), which destroys nearly all the flower-buds produced by the plants and reduces seed-set by 98% on average. In spite of this indirect competition, R. marginatus destroys up to 88% of the remaining seeds that develop on S. punicea, regardless of host plant location. Detrimental intraspecific interactions between larvae of R. marginatus are minimized, and the utilization of a depleted food source is optimized, through meticulous selection of oviposition sites by the female weevils. Although numerically inferior, R. marginatus is an important supplementary agent to T. lativentre  and together the two species of weevils have almost arrested the reproductive potential of S. punicea.1 aHoffmann, J.H.1 aMoran, V.C.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/oviposition-patterns-and-supplementary-role-seed-feeding-weevil-rhyssomatus-marginatus-coleoptera-cu00352nas a2200097   4500008004100000245006200041210005500103100001900158700000500177856007200182       2001                        eng d00aThe Sesbania seed-feeding weevil (Rhyssomatus marginatus)0 aSesbania seedfeeding weevil Rhyssomatus marginatus1 aHoffmann, J.H.1 a  uhttp://www.arc.agric.za/uploads/images/0_16sesbania%28ryssom%29.pdf