02506nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245015500055210006900210260000800279300001200287490000800299520174900307653003002056100002302086700002102109700002402130700002302154856013502177       2011                        eng d  a0022-201100aHemocytes of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their response to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus thuringiensis0 aHemocytes of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier Coleoptera Curcul  cMar  a360-3650 v1063 aOriginally from tropical Asia, the Red Palm Weevil (RPW Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)) is the most dangerous and deadly pest of many palm trees, and there have been reports of its recent detection in France, Greece and Italy. At present, emphasis is on the development of integrated pest management based on biological control rather than on chemical insecticides, however the success of both systems is often insufficient. In this regard, RPW appears to be one pest that is very difficult to control. Thus investigations into the natural defences of this curculionid are advisable. RPW hemocytes, the main immunocompetent cells in the insect, are described for the first time. We identified five hemocyte cell types from the hemolymph of R. ferrugineus: plasmatocytes ([approximately]50%), granulocytes ([approximately]35%), prohemocytes ([approximately]8%), oenocytes ([approximately]4%) and spherulocytes ([approximately]3%). SEM observations were also carried out. some aspects of RPW interaction with non-self organisms, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the entomopathogen bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), are discussed. Plasmatocytes and granulocytes were involved in nodules and capsule formation as well as in the phagocytosis of yeast. The hemocyte response of RPW larvae to sub-lethal doses of commercial products containing Bt was examined. In vivo assays were carried out and Bt in vegetative form was found in the hemolymph. After a diet containing Bt, the number of total hemocytes, mainly plasmatocytes, in the RPW larva hemolymph declined sharply ([approximately]12%) and then remained at a low level, while the number of other circulating cells was almost unchanged. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aRhynchophorus ferrugineus1 aManachini, Barbara1 aArizza, Vincenzo1 aParrinello, Daniela1 aParrinello, Nicolo  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/hemocytes-rhynchophorus-ferrugineus-olivier-coleoptera-curculionidae-and-their-response-saccharomy-002506nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245015500055210006900210260000800279300001200287490000800299520174900307653003002056100002302086700002102109700002402130700002302154856013502177       2011                        eng d  a0022-201100aHemocytes of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their response to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus thuringiensis0 aHemocytes of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier Coleoptera Curcul  cMar  a360-3650 v1063 aOriginally from tropical Asia, the Red Palm Weevil (RPW Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)) is the most dangerous and deadly pest of many palm trees, and there have been reports of its recent detection in France, Greece and Italy. At present, emphasis is on the development of integrated pest management based on biological control rather than on chemical insecticides, however the success of both systems is often insufficient. In this regard, RPW appears to be one pest that is very difficult to control. Thus investigations into the natural defences of this curculionid are advisable. RPW hemocytes, the main immunocompetent cells in the insect, are described for the first time. We identified five hemocyte cell types from the hemolymph of R. ferrugineus: plasmatocytes ([approximately]50%), granulocytes ([approximately]35%), prohemocytes ([approximately]8%), oenocytes ([approximately]4%) and spherulocytes ([approximately]3%). SEM observations were also carried out. some aspects of RPW interaction with non-self organisms, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the entomopathogen bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), are discussed. Plasmatocytes and granulocytes were involved in nodules and capsule formation as well as in the phagocytosis of yeast. The hemocyte response of RPW larvae to sub-lethal doses of commercial products containing Bt was examined. In vivo assays were carried out and Bt in vegetative form was found in the hemolymph. After a diet containing Bt, the number of total hemocytes, mainly plasmatocytes, in the RPW larva hemolymph declined sharply ([approximately]12%) and then remained at a low level, while the number of other circulating cells was almost unchanged. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aRhynchophorus ferrugineus1 aManachini, Barbara1 aArizza, Vincenzo1 aParrinello, Daniela1 aParrinello, Nicolo  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/hemocytes-rhynchophorus-ferrugineus-olivier-coleoptera-curculionidae-and-their-response-saccharomyce01801nas a2200229   4500008004100000020001400041245015500055210006900210260001300279300001200292490000800304520095200312653002701264100002101291700001801312700002201330700002101352700001901373700002501392700001901417856013501436       2010                        eng d  a0022-201100aThe neogregarine protozoan Farinocystis sp. reduces longevity and fecundity in the West Indian sweet potato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire)0 aneogregarine protozoan Farinocystis sp reduces longevity and fec  cNovember  a298-3040 v1053 aThe number of West Indian sweet potato weevils, Euscepes postfasciatus, being mass-reared in a facility for use in sterile insect technique (SIT) eradication programs has undergone a drastic reduction. A neogregarine protozoan pathogen Farinocystis sp. (an undescribed species) was detected in vivo in the mass-reared E. postfasciatus. We investigated the effects of this disease on the longevity and fecundity of host weevils and the incubation time of the disease in the host body under mass-rearing conditions. Our results demonstrated that infection by this Farinocystis sp. decreased both longevity and fecundity in E. postfasciatus. In particular, the pathogen severely limited the production of progeny by infected females compared to healthy females. Therefore, we consider this protozoan infection to be the major cause of the decreased E. postfasciatus production in the mass-rearing facility. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aEuscepes postfasciatus1 aKumano, Norikuni1 aIwata, Noriko1 aKuriwada, Takashi1 aShiromoto, Keiko1 aHaraguchi, Dai1 aYasunaga-Aoki, Chisa1 aKohama, Tsuguo  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/neogregarine-protozoan-farinocystis-sp-reduces-longevity-and-fecundity-west-indian-sweet-potato-weev02123nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245016600055210006900221260000800290300001200298490000800310520138200318653002101700100002001721700001401741700001901755700002001774856013501794       2010                        eng d  a0022-201100aThe lethal and sub-lethal consequences of entomopathogenic nematode infestation and exposure for adult pine weevils, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)0 alethal and sublethal consequences of entomopathogenic nematode i  cJul  a195-2020 v1043 aEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) frequently kill their host within 1-2 days, and interest in EPN focuses mainly on their lethality. However, insects may take longer to die, or may fail to die despite being infected, but little is known about the effects of EPN infection on insects, other than death. Here we investigate both lethal and sub-lethal effects of infection by two EPN species, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis downesi, on adults of the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis. Following 12 h nematode-weevil contact in peat, S. carpocapsae killed a significantly higher proportion of weevils (87-93%) than H. downesi (43-57%) at all concentrations tested. Less than 10% of weevils were dead within 2 days, and weevils continued to die for up to 10 days after exposure (LT50 of 3 days or more). In a separate experiment, live weevils dissected 6 days after a 24 h exposure to nematodes on filter paper harbored encapsulated and dead nematodes, showing that weevils could defend themselves against infection. Some live weevils also harbored live nematodes 6 days after they had been removed from the nematode infested medium. Feeding by weevils was not affected by infection with, or exposure to, either species of EPN. We discuss these results in relation to the use of EPN in biological control against H. abietis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aHylobius abietis1 aGirling, R., D.1 aEnnis, D.1 aDillon, A., B.1 aGriffin, C., T.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/lethal-and-sub-lethal-consequences-entomopathogenic-nematode-infestation-and-exposure-adult-pine-wee01345nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245013600055210006900191260001300260300001200273490000800285520069000293100001800983700001901001700002001020856013501040       2010                        eng d  a0022-201100aSimulated roots and host feeding enhance infection of subterranean insects by the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae0 aSimulated roots and host feeding enhance infection of subterrane  cFebruary  a140-1430 v1033 aSteinernema carpocapsae can be effective against root-feeding insects despite its reputation as a sedentary ambusher. In pot experiments, using twigs as surrogate roots and pine weevil larvae as targets, we tested the hypothesis that roots serve as physical routeways and conduits of feeding-associated stimuli, thus enhancing the success of S. carpocapsae applied at the surface against subterranean hosts. Insect mortality was lowest (25%) in the absence of plant material, increased to 48% when twigs linked nematodes and insects, and further increased to 69% when the insects were allowed feed on the twigs. This is the first experimental support for the root-routeway hypothesis. 1 aEnnis, D., E.1 aDillon, A., B.1 aGriffin, C., T.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/simulated-roots-and-host-feeding-enhance-infection-subterranean-insects-entomopathogenic-nematode-st03321nas a2200205   4500008004100000020001400041245013600055210006900191260000800260300001200268490000800280520255300288653002602841100002502867700002202892700002702914700001702941700002202958856013502980       2012                        eng d  a0022-201100aEntomopathogenic nematodes, root weevil larvae, and dynamic interactions among soil texture, plant growth, herbivory, and predation0 aEntomopathogenic nematodes root weevil larvae and dynamic intera  cJan  a134-1420 v1093 aGreenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the influence of soil texture on the persistence, efficacy and plant protection ability of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) applied to control larvae of the Diaprepes root weevil (DRW), Diaprepes abbreviatus, infesting potted citrus seedlings. Seedlings were grown in pots containing either coarse sand, fine sand, or sandy loam. Three DRW larvae were added to each of 80 pots of each soil type. 24 h later, 20 pots of each soil type that had received weevil larvae were inoculated with EPN infective juveniles (Us) of one of the following species: Steinemema diaprepesi, Steinernema riobrave and Heterorhabditis indica. Pots of each soil without EPNs were established as controls with DRW and controls without DRWs. Subsequently, pots with larvae received three additional larvae monthly, and the experiment continued for 9 months. Plant root and top weights at the end of the experiment were affected by both soil (P <= 0.0001) and nematodes (P <= 0.0001), and nematode species protected plants differently in different soils (interaction P <= 0.0001). Soil porosity was inversely related to plant damage by DRW, whether or not EPNs were present; and porosity was directly related to the level of plant protection by EPNs. Mortality of caged sentinel weevil larvae placed in pots near the end of the experiment was highest in pots treated with S. diaprepesi. In a second, similar experiment that included an additional undescribed steinernematid of the Steinemema glaseri-group, soil type affected root damage by DRW and root protection by EPNs in the same manner as in the first experiment. Final numbers of S. diaprepesi and Steinemema sp. as measured by real-time PCR were much greater than those of S. riobrave or H. indica in all soils. Across all treatments, the number of weevil larvae in soil at the end the experiment was inversely related to soil porosity. In all soils, fewer weevil larvae survived in soil treated with S. diaprepesi or Steinemema sp. than in controls with DRW or treatments with S. riobrave or H. indica. The results of these experiments support the hypothesis that EPNs provide greater protection of seedlings against DRW larvae in coarse textured soil than in finer textured soil. However, less vigorous growth of the control without DRW seedlings in the two finer textured soils suggests that unidentified factors that stressed seedlings in those soils also impaired the ability of seedlings to tolerate weevil herbivory. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10aDiaprepes abbreviatus1 aEl-Borai, Fahiem, E.1 aStuart, Robin, J.1 aCampos-Herrera, Raquel1 aPathak, Ekta1 aDuncan, Larry, W.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/entomopathogenic-nematodes-root-weevil-larvae-and-dynamic-interactions-among-soil-texture-plant-grow02340nas a2200181   4500008004500000020001400045245011900059210006900178260000900247300001200256490000700268520166500275653002601940100002101966700002401987700001702011856013002028       2008                        Engldsh    a0022-201100aEffects of a novel microsporidium on the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)0 aEffects of a novel microsporidium on the black vine weevil Otior  cJuly  a351-3550 v983 aA newly discovered microsporidium infecting the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), provisionally placed in the genus Canningia, was studied to determine its impact on O. sulcatus. O. sulcatus populations from several locations were sampled and evaluated for microsporidiosis. A very low prevalence of the disease was observed in all locations surveyed (<3.0%). Laboratory studies were conducted by orally exposing both larvae and adults of O. sulcatus to varying concentrations of Canningia sp. Spores. Larval bioassays at a variety of dosages (0, 10, etc.) were performed to evaluate pathogen infectivity, larval survival and growth. Adult bioassays (dosages: 0, 10, etc.) were performed to evaluate longevity, fecundity and mechanisms of vertical pathogen transmission. Larvae and adults were infected in all spore treatments. Larval growth was significantly reduced at dosages above 10 spores/larva. Adults infected at all dosages experienced high levels of mortality and fecundity was reduced to zero. Greenhouse trials were performed to determine if larvae feeding in soil acquired infections when spores were topically applied as a drench application (0, 105, 106, 107 spores/pot). Established larvae feeding on plant roots in pots developed infections when exposed to drench treatments of 106 and 107 spores/pot after 14-21 days. Canningia sp. is an acute pathogen of O. sulcatus infective to both larvae and adults. Topically applied spores also infected larvae feeding on roots in soilless potting media, suggesting the possibility of using this pathogen in a microbial control program. Published by Elsevier In10aOtiorhynchus sulcatus1 aBruck, Denny, J.1 aSolter, Leellen, F.1 aLake, Amanda  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/effects-novel-microsporidium-black-vine-weevil-otiorhynchus-sulcatus-f-coleoptera-curculionidae01567nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245018500055210006900240260001400309300001000323490000700333520085200340653002601192100002101218700002301239856013501262       2007                        eng d  a0022-201100aSusceptibility of the filbertworm (Cydia latiferreana, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and filbert weevil (Curculio occidentalis, Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes0 aSusceptibility of the filbertworm Cydia latiferreana Lepidoptera  cSeptember  a93-960 v963 aThe objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of the two primary direct insect pests of hazelnuts in Oregon to three species of entomopathogenic nematodes. The entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis marelatus Pt. Reyes, Steinernema carpocapsae All and Steinernema kraussei L137) were used in laboratory soil bioassays to determine their virulence against filbertworm, Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and filbert weevil, Curculio occidentalis (Casey) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). All three nematode species were infective in laboratory bioassays. Infectivity ranged from 73-100%) and 23-85%, for filbertworm and filbert weevil, respectively. Field results were similar to those found in the laboratory with filbertworm larvae being more susceptible to nematode infection. Published by Elsevier Inc.10aCurculio occidentalis1 aBruck, Denny, J.1 aWalton, Vaughn, M.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/susceptibility-filbertworm-cydia-latiferreana-lepidoptera-tortricidae-and-filbert-weevil-curculio-oc02792nas a2200205   4500008004500000020001400045245013400059210006900193260001300262300001200275490000700287520203000294653002402324100002202348700001902370700002202389700002002411700002002431856013502451       2008                        Engldsh    a0022-201100aLaboratory trials to infect insects and nematodes by some acaropathogenic Hirsutella strains (Mycota: Clavicipitaceous anamorphs)0 aLaboratory trials to infect insects and nematodes by some acarop  cFebruary  a103-1130 v973 aLaboratory assays have been carried out to artificially infect insect larvae of the birch bark-beetle (Scolytus ratzeburgi Jans.-Coleoptera, Scolytidae) and codling moth Cydia pomonella L. -Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) as well as the potato cyst nematode-Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber, sugar beet nematode-Heterodera schachtii Schmidt and root-knot nematode-Meloidogyne hapla Chif (Nematoda, Heteroderidae), by the phialoconidia of some fungal species of the genus Hirsutella. From among four species tested on insects only H. nodulosa Petch infected about 20% of S. ratzeburgi larvae, whereas H. kirchneri (Rostrup) Minter, Brady et Hall, H. minnesotensis Chen, Liu et Chen, and H. rostrata Balazy et Wisniewski did not affect insect larvae. Only single eggs of the root-knot nematode were infected by H. minnesotensis in the laboratory trials, whereas its larvae remained unaffected. No infection cases of the potato cyst nematode (G. rostochiensis) and sugar beet nematode eggs were obtained. Comparisons of DNA-ITS-region sequences of the investigated strains with GenBank data showed no differences between H. minnesotensis isolates from the nematodes Heterodera glycines Ichinohe and from tarsonemid mites (authors' isolate). A fragment of ITS 2 with the sequence characteristic only for H. minnesotensis was selected. Two cluster analyses indicated close similarity of this species to H. thompsonii as sister clades, but the latter appeared more heterogenous. Insect and mite pathogenic species H. nodulosa localizes close to specialized aphid pathogen H. aphidis, whereas the phytophagous mite pathogens H. kirchneri and H. gregis form a separate sister clade. Hirsutella rostrata does not show remarkable relations to the establishment of aforementioned groups. Interrelated considerations on the morphology, biology and DNA sequencing of investigated Hirsutella species state their identification more precisely and facilitate the establishment of systematic positions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved10aScolytus ratzeburgi1 aBalazy, Stanislaw1 aWrzosek, Marta1 aSosnowska, Danuta1 aTkaczuk, Cezary1 aMuszewska, Anna  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/laboratory-trials-infect-insects-and-nematodes-some-acaropathogenic-hirsutella-strains-mycota-clavic00674nas a2200157   4500008004100000245015900041210006900200300001200269490000700281100002300288700001600311700001700327700001700344700002000361856013500381       1999                        eng d00aVirus-like particles in the ovaries of Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of adult weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).0 aViruslike particles in the ovaries of Microctonus aethiopoides L  a182-1880 v731 aBarratt, B., I. P.1 aEvans, A.A.1 aStoltz, D.B.1 aVinson, S.B.1 aEasingwood., R.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/virus-particles-ovaries-microctonus-aethiopoides-loan-hymenoptera-braconidae-parasitoid-adult-weevil