02203nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245017100055210006900226260000800295300001400303490000800317520146200325653001701787653000801804100002001812700002301832700001901855856013501874       2010                        eng d  a0022-049300aImpacts of Silvicultural Thinning Treatments on Beetle Trap Captures and Tree Attacks During Low Bark Beetle Populations in Ponderosa Pine Forests of Northern Arizona0 aImpacts of Silvicultural Thinning Treatments on Beetle Trap Capt  cOct  a1693-17030 v1033 aOur research used a combination of passive traps, funnel traps with lures, baited trees, and surveys of long-term thinning plots to assess the impacts of different levels of stand basal area (BA) on bark beetle tree attack and on trap captures of Ips spp., Dendroctonus spp., and their predators. The study occurred at two sites in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dough. ex Laws., forests, from 2004 to 2007 during low bark beetle populations. Residual stand BA ranged from 9.0 to 37.0 m2/ha. More predators and bark beetles were collected in passive traps in stands of lower BA than in stands of higher BA; however, significance varied by species and site, and total number of beetles collected was low. Height of the clear panel passive traps affected trap catches for some species at some sites and years. When pheromone lures were used with funnel traps (Ips pini (Say) lure: lanierone, +03/-97 ipsdienol), we found no significant difference in trap catches among basal area treatments for bark beetles and their predators. Similarly, when trees were baited (Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte lure: myrcene, exo-brevicomin and frontalin), we found no significant difference for days to first bark beetle attack. Surveys of long-term thinning treatments found evidence of bark beetle attacks only in unthinned plots ([approximately equal]37 m2/ha basal area). We discuss our results in terms of management implications for bark beetle trapping and control.10aDendroctonus10aIps1 aGaylord, M., L.1 aHofstetter, R., W.1 aWagner, M., R.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/impacts-silvicultural-thinning-treatments-beetle-trap-captures-and-tree-attacks-during-low-bark-beet02236nas a2200229   4500008004500000020001400045245016400059210006900223260000800292300001200300490000700312520136000319653002901679653002801708653000801736653002301744100002801767700002201795700002601817700002801843856013501871       2008                        Engldsh    a0045-506700aBlacks mountain experimental forest: bark beetle responses to differences in forest structure and the application of prescribed fire in interior ponderosa pine0 aBlacks mountain experimental forest bark beetle responses to dif  cMay  a924-9350 v383 aMechanical thinning and the application of prescribed fire are commonly used tools in the restoration of fire-adapted forest ecosystems. However, few studies have explored their effects on subsequent amounts of bark beetle caused tree mortality in interior ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws. var. ponderosa. In this study, we examined bark beetle responses to creation of midseral (low diversity) and late-seral stages (high diversity) and the application of prescribed fire on 12 experimental units ranging in size from 76 to 136 ha. A total of 9500 (5.0% of all trees) Pinus and Abies trees died 2 years after treatment of which 28.8% (2733 trees) was attributed to bark beetle colonization. No significant difference in the mean percentage of trees colonized by bark beetles was found between low diversity and high diversity. The application of prescribed fire resulted in significant increases in bark beetle caused tree mortality (all species) and for western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, Ips spp., and fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis LeConte, individually. Approximately 85.6% (2339 trees) of all bark beetle caused tree mortality occurred on burned split plots. The implications of these and other results to sustainable forest management are discussed.10aDendroctonus brevicornis10aDendroctonus ponderosae10aIps10aScolytus ventralis1 aFettig, Christopher, J.1 aBorys, Robert, R.1 aMcKelvey, Stephen, R.1 aDabney, Christopher, P.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/blacks-mountain-experimental-forest-bark-beetle-responses-differences-forest-structure-and-applicati02621nas a2200205   4500008004500000020002500045245011100070210006900181260000800250300001400258490000800272520189700280653001702177653000802194653002702202100002002229700002302249700002502272856011802297       2011                        Engldsh    a0013-8746; 1938-290100aEffects of Various Semiochemicals on the Responses of Rhyzopertha dominica to Pheromone Traps in the Field0 aEffects of Various Semiochemicals on the Responses of Rhyzoperth  cNov  a1297-13020 v1043 aFeeding male Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) produces two pheromones Dominicalure-1 (DL-1) and Dominicalure-2 (DL-2), which attracts adults of both sexes. In field experiments conducted in Oklahoma, R. dominica captures in multiple funnel traps deployed with its pheromones, ethanol, or both, green-leaf volatiles (GLV), plant essential oils, or synthetic pheromones for Ips spp., Dendroctonus spp., or Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were examined. The bark beetle lures were evaluated at the release rate recommended for the respective insects. The number of insects trapped increased when R. dominica lure was combined with ethanol, whereas beetle captures neither were enhanced nor inhibited when the lure was combined with GLV, 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-l-one (MCH), or plant essential oil mixtures turpentine, from Pinus spp., and cedar wood oil, from Juniperus spp. (Coniferales: Pinaceae and Cupressaceae). Similarly, the numbers of captured R. dominica did not significantly differ when R. dominica lures were supplemented with ipsdienol, ipsenol, cis-verbenol, or pityol. Conversely, the combination of R. dominica lures with exo-brevicomin, frontalin, and commercial lure for S. multistriatus, containing the bicyclic ketal multistriatin, resulted in significantly fewer captures of R. dominica. The presence of live males of the closely related species Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) decreased the number of captured R. dominica by >70% compared with captures in traps baited with R. dominica's natural pheromone alone. Results support the hypothesis that grain-infesting R. dominica evolved from forest-inhabiting ancestors and retained behavioral traits for semiochemical interactions with other wood-boring beetle species. Such interspecific interactions have potential for exploitation in pest management programs against R. dominica.10aDendroctonus10aIps10aScolytus multistriatus1 aEdde, Peter, A.1 aToews, Michael, D.1 aPhillips, Thomas, W.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/effects-various-semiochemicals-responses-rhyzopertha-dominica-pheromone-traps-field02003nas a2200193   4500008004500000245015600045210006900201260001000270300001200280490000700292520122200299653002701521653000801548100003201556700002901588700002901617700002801646856013501674       2008                        Spandsh  00aKairomonal response of coleopterans associated with Dendroctonus frontalis and two Ips species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in forest of Chiapas, Mexico0 aKairomonal response of coleopterans associated with Dendroctonus  cjunio  a175-1830 v793 aWe assessed the bark beetle diversity and the response of associated predators to aggregation pheromones in pine forests in Chiapas, Mexico. From June to October 2006, 40 Lindgren funnel traps were established with different baits that included frontalin, ipsenol and ipsdienol pheromones and a control (without pheromone). We registered the attractiveness of frontalin to the bark beetle Dendroctonus frontalis (Zimmermann), and ipsenol and ipsdienol to Ips spp. Kairomonal specific response of the predators Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim), Enoclerus ablusus (Ban) and Elacatis sp. was detected. We registered an important increase in abundance of bark beetles and predators during the summer to the beginning of fall. T. chlorodia exhibited differential attraction to the three pheromones evaluated, whereas E. ablusus, Elacatis sp. and Leptostylus sp. were significantly attracted to ipsenol and ipsdienol. This is the first report of kairomonal response of the phytophagous Leptostylus sp. (Cerambycidae) for Mexico. Our results showed that inter-and intra-specific communication between different bark beetles and associated species may occur, which promotes competitive and predator interaction between them.10aDendroctonus frontalis10aIps1 aDominguez-Sanchez, Bernando1 aMacias-Samano, Jorge, E.1 aRamirez-Marcial, Neptali1 aLeon-Cortes, Jorger, L.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/kairomonal-response-coleopterans-associated-dendroctonus-frontalis-and-two-ips-species-coleoptera-cu01650nam a2200229   4500008004100000020002200041245008500063210006900148300001200217520093700229653001701166653000801183653001501191653001301206653001201219653001701231100002001248700001801268700001801286700001301304856010301317       2011                        eng d  a978-3-642-17814-600aChemical Ecology of Bark Beetles in Regard to Search and Selection of Host Trees0 aChemical Ecology of Bark Beetles in Regard to Search and Selecti  a150-1903 aBark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), especially pests in the genera Dendroctonus, Ips, Scolytus, Trypodendron, Tomicus, and Pityogenes of the Northern hemisphere are reviewed regarding aspects of their chemical ecology during host finding and selection. Most of the species covered here feed on conifers, primarily pines (Pinus) in the Northern hemisphere and Norway spruce (Picea abies) of Europe and Asia. Bark beetles use a variety of olfactory strategies to discriminate suitable host trees from among less suitable, overcolonized, or decaying hosts as well as nonhosts. Bark beetles also use olfactory strategies to find mates and select attack sites. These strategies have implications for coevolution of trees and bark beetles. Knowledge of the chemical ecology of insect-insect and insect-plant relationships is necessary to develop improved methods for monitoring and controlling bark beetles that are predators of trees.10aDendroctonus10aIps10aPityogenes10aScolytus10aTomicus10aTrypodendron1 aByers, John, A.1 aZhang, Qinghe1 aLiu, Tongxian1 aKang, Le  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/chemical-ecology-bark-beetles-regard-search-and-selection-host-trees03689nas a2200241   4500008004100000020001400041245004100055210004100096260000800137300001200145490000700157520304700164653000803211100002403219700002503243700001303268700001703281700002203298700002303320700001603343700002003359856006803379       2010                        eng d  a0965-174800aPheromone production in bark beetles0 aPheromone production in bark beetles  cOct  a699-7120 v403 aThe first aggregation Pheromone components from bark beetles were identified in 1966 as a mixture of ipsdienol, ipsenol and verbenol. Since then, a number of additional components have been identified as both aggregation and anti-aggregation pheromones, with many of them being monoterpenoids or derived from monoterpenoids. The structural similarity between the major pheromone components of bark beetles and the monoterpenes found in the host trees, along with the association of monoterpenoid production with plant tissue, led to the paradigm that most if not all bark beetle pheromone components were derived from host tree precursors, often with a simple hydroxylation producing the pheromone. In the 1990s there was a paradigm shift as evidence for de novo biosynthesis of pheromone components began to accumulate, and it is now recognized that most bark beetle monoterpenoid aggregation pheromone components are biosynthesized de novo. The bark beetle aggregation pheromones are released from the frass, which is consistent with the isoprenoid aggregation pheromones, including ipsdienol, ipsenol and frontalin, being produced in midgut tissue. It appears that exo-brevocomin is produced de novo in fat body tissue, and that verbenol, verbenone and verbenene are produced from dietary cc-pinene in fat body tissue. Combined biochemical, molecular and functional genomics studies in Ips pini yielded the discovery and characterization of the enzymes that convert mevalonate pathway intermediates to pheromone components, including a novel bifunctional geranyl diphosphate synthase/myrcene synthase, a cytochrome P450 that hydroxylates myrcene to ipsdienol, and an oxidoreductase that interconverts ipsdienol and ipsdienone to achieve the appropriate stereochemistry of ipsdienol for pheromonal activity. Furthermore, the regulation of these genes and their corresponding enzymes proved complex and diverse in different species. Mevalonate pathway genes in pheromone producing male I. pini have much higher basal levels than in females, and feeding induces their expression. In I. dupIicatus and I. pini, juvenile hormone III (JH III) induces pheromone production in the absence of feeding, whereas in I. paraconfusus and I. confusus, topically applied JH III does not induce pheromone production. In all four species, feeding induces pheromone production. While many of the details of pheromone production, including the site of synthesis, pathways and knowledge of the enzymes involved are known for Ips, less is known about pheromone production in Dendroctonus. Functional genomics studies are under way in D. ponderosae, which should rapidly increase our understanding of pheromone production in this genus. This chapter presents a historical development of what is known about pheromone production in bark beetles, emphasizes the genomic and post-genomic work in I. pini and points out areas where research is needed to obtain a more complete understanding of pheromone production. [copyright]2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.10aIps1 aBlomquist, Gary, J.1 aFigueroa-Teran, Rubi1 aAw, Mory1 aSong, Minmin1 aGorzalski, Andrew1 aAbbott, Nicole, L.1 aChang, Eric1 aTittiger, Claus  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/pheromone-production-bark-beetles02657nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245009600055210006900151260000900220300001200229490000700241520193500248653000802183653001302191100002602204700002502230700002002255700002402275700002402299856011602323       2009                        eng d  a0098-033100aTwo regulatory mechanisms of monoterpenoid pheromone production in Ips spp. of bark beetles0 aTwo regulatory mechanisms of monoterpenoid pheromone production   cJune  a689-6970 v353 aBark beetles use aggregation pheromones to coordinate host colonization and mating. These monoterpenoid chemical signals are produced de novo in midgut cells via the mevalonate pathway, and pheromone production is induced when an adult beetle feeds on phloem of a host tree. In Ips pini, juvenile hormone (JH) III influences key regulatory enzymes along the mevalonate pathway that leads to pheromone production. In fact, topically applied JH III is sufficient to stimulate pheromone production in unfed males. In this study, we explore the influence of feeding and JH III treatment on pheromone production in male Ips confusus, the pinyon Ips. We also characterize the influence of feeding and JH III treatment on transcript levels and activity of three key enzymes involved in pheromone biosynthesis: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG) synthase (HMGS), HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) and geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS). We also extend the current understanding of the regulation of pheromone biosynthesis in I. pini, by measuring the influence of feeding and JHIII treatment on enzymatic activity of HMGS and GPPS. Feeding on host phloem alone strongly induces pheromone production in male I. confusus, while JH III treatment has no effect. However, feeding and JH III both significantly up-regulate mRNA levels of key mevalonate pathway genes. Feeding up-regulates these genes to a maximum at 32 h, whereas with JH III-treatment, they are up-regulated at 4, 8, and 16 h, but return near to non-treatment levels at 32 h. Feeding, but not JH III treatment, also increases the activity of all three enzymes in I. confusus, while both feeding or treatment with JH III increase HMGS and GPPS activity in I. pini. Our data suggest that pheromone production in Ips is not uniformly controlled by JH III and feeding may stimulate the release of some other regulatory factor, perhaps a brain hormone, required for pheromone production.10aIps10aIps pini1 aBearfield, Jeremy, C.1 aHenry, Anastasia, G.1 aTittiger, Claus1 aBlomquist, Gary, J.1 aGinzel, Matthew, D.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/two-regulatory-mechanisms-monoterpenoid-pheromone-production-ips-spp-bark-beetles03533nas a2200205   4500008004100000020001400041245017700055210006900232260001500301300001200316490000800328520274700336653000803083100002203091700001303113700001903126700002503145700002303170856013403193       2010                        eng d  a0378-112700aPredisposition to bark beetle attack by root herbivores and associated pathogens: roles in forest decline, gap formation, and persistence of endemic bark beetle populations0 aPredisposition to bark beetle attack by root herbivores and asso  cJanuary 25  a374-3820 v2593 aBark beetles are largely known for their ability to undergo intermittent population eruptions that transform entire landscapes and pose significant economic hardships. However, most species do not undergo outbreaks, and eruptive species usually exert only minor disturbances. Understanding the dynamics of tree-killing noneruptive species can provide insights into how beetles persist at low densities, and how some spatiotemporal patterns of host predisposition may more likely favor breaching eruptive thresholds than others. Elucidating mechanisms behind low-density populations is challenging, however, due to the requirement of long-term monitoring and high degrees of spatial and temporal covariance. We censused more than 2700 trees annually over 7 years, and at the end of 17 years, in a mature red pine plantation. Trees were measured for the presence of bark beetles and wood borers that breed within the primary stem, root weevils that breed in root collars, and bark beetles that breed in basal stems. We quantify the sequence of events that drive this decline syndrome, with the primary emergent pattern being an interaction between below- and above-ground herbivores and their fungal symbionts. This interaction results in an expanding forest gap, with subsequent colonization by early-successional vegetation. Spatial position strongly affects the likelihood of tree mortality. A red pine is initially very likely to avoid attack by tree-killing Ips beetles, but attack becomes increasingly likely as the belowground complex spreads to neighboring trees and eventually make trees susceptible. This system is largely internally driven, as there are strong gap edge, but not stand-edge, effects. Additional stressors, such as drought, can provide an intermittent source of susceptible trees to Ips beetles, and elevated temperature slightly accentuates this effect. New gaps can arise from such trees as they subsequently become epicenters for the full complex of organisms associated with this decline, but this is not common. As Ips populations rise, there is some element of positive feedback, in that the proportion of killed trees that were not first colonized by root organisms increases. This positive feedback is very weak, however, and we propose the slope between beetle population density and reliance on host stress as a quantitative distinction along a gradient from noneruptive through eruptive species. Almost all trees colonized by Ips were subsequently colonized by wood borers, likely a source of negative feedback. We discuss implications to our overall understanding of cross-scale interactions, between-guild interactions, forest declines, and eruptive thresholds. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10aIps1 aAukema, Brian, H.1 aZhu, Jun1 aMoller, Jesper1 aRasmussen, Jakob, G.1 aRaffa, Kenneth, F.  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/predisposition-bark-beetle-attack-root-herbivores-and-associated-pathogens-roles-forest-decline-gap02525nas a2200217   4500008004500000020001400045245016200059210006900221260001300290300001100303490000700314520171900321653001702040653000802057100002402065700002302089700002102112700002202133700001702155856013502172       2008                        Engldsh    a0046-225X00aInfluence of elevation on bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) community structure and flight periodicity in ponderosa pine forests of Arizona0 aInfluence of elevation on bark beetle Coleoptera Curculionidae S  cFebruary  a94-1090 v373 aWe examined abundance and flight periodicity of five Ips and six Dendroctonus species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) among three different elevation bands in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex. Lawson) forests of northcentral Arizona. Bark beetle populations were monitored at 10 sites in each of three elevation bands (low: 1,600-1,736 m; middle: 2,058-2,230 m; high: 2,505-2,651 m) for 3 yr (2004-2006) using pheromone-baited Lindgren funnel traps. Trap contents were collected weekly from March to December. We also studied temperature differences among the elevation bands and what role this may play in beetle flight behavior. Bark beetles, regardless of species, showed no consistent elevational trend in abundance among the three bands. The higher abundances of Ips lecontei Swaine, I calligraphus ponderosae Swaine, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, and D. brevicomis LeConte at low and middle elevations offset the greater abundance of I. knausi Swaine, D. adjunctus Blandford, D. approximatus Dietz, and D. valens LeConte at high elevations. I. pini (Say) and L latidens LeConte were found in similar numbers across the three bands. Flight periodicity of several species varied among elevation bands. In general, the flight period shortened as elevation increased; flight initiated later and terminated earlier in the year. The timing, number, and magnitude of peaks in flight activity also varied among the elevation bands. These results suggest that abundance and flight seasonality of several bark beetles are related to elevation and the associated temperature differences. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to bark beetle management and population dynamics10aDendroctonus10aIps1 aWilliams, Kelly, K.1 aMcMillin, Joel, D.1 aDeGomez, Tom, E.1 aClancy, Karen, M.1 aMiller, Andy  uhttps://weevil.myspecies.info/influence-elevation-bark-beetle-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytinae-community-structure-and-flight-p02011nas a2200193   4500008004100000020002500041245013000066210006900196260000900265300000900274490000900283520137400292653000801666100002201674700002201696700002201718700002101740856005601761       2012                        eng d  a0033-2615; 1687-743800aPheromone Production, Attraction, and Interspecific Inhibition among Four Species of Ips Bark Beetles in the Southeastern USA0 aPheromone Production Attraction and Interspecific Inhibition amo  c2012  a1-140 v20123 aHindgut volatiles fromattacking, unmatedmales of Ips avulsus, I. calligraphus, I. grandicollis,and I. pini were analyzed by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Based on the quantitative identifications of hindguts and subsequent individual aerations, baits were formulated and a combined species-specific subtractive field bioassay was set up for the four bark beetle species. The bioassays were subtractive for the compounds identified in the hindgut analysis of each species, and volatiles identified in sympatric species were added as potential inhibitors alone and in combination. The trap catches from this bioassay revealed strong interspecific inhibition. The subtractive assays showed that I. grandicollis and I. calligraphus share ([long dash])-(4S)-cis-verbenol as one pheromone component, while their second, synergistic pheromone component, ([long dash])-(S)-ipsenol in I. grandicollis and ([plus or minus])- ipsdienol in I. calligraphus, acts as an interspecific inhibitor to the other species. I. avulsus and I. pini were found to have very similar production of hindgut volatiles, and both use ipsdienol and lanierone as synergistic pheromone components. No beetle- produced interspecific inhibitor was identified between these two species. Lanierone was found to be an interspecific inhibitor for both I. calligraphus and I. grandicollis.10aIps1 aBirgersson, Goran1 aDalusky, Mark, J.1 aEspelie, Karl, E.1 aBerisford, Wayne  uhttp://www.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/2012/532652/02776nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245004800055210004700103260000900150300001200159490000600171520221900177653001702396653000802413653001502421653001202436100002602448700002202474700002402496856003802520       2012                        eng d  a2075-445000aWhat is Next in Bark Beetle Phylogeography?0 aWhat is Next in Bark Beetle Phylogeography  cJune  a453-4720 v33 aBark beetle species within the scolytid genera Dendroctonus, Ips, Pityogenes and Tomicus are known to cause extensive ecological and economical damage in spruce and pine forests during epidemic outbreaks all around the world. Dendroctonus ponderosae poses the most recent example having destroyed almost 100,000 km2 of conifer forests in North America. The success and effectiveness of scolytid species lies mostly in strategies developed over the course of time. Among these, a complex system of semiochemicals promotes the communication and aggregation on the spot of infestation facilitating an en masse attack against a host tree's defenses; or an association with fungi that evolved either in the form of nutrition (ambrosia fungi) or even by reducing the resistance of host trees (blue-stain fungi). Although often specific to a tree genus or species, some bark beetles are polyphagous and have the ability to switch on to new hosts and extend their host range (i.e., between conifer genera such as Pityogenes chalcographus or even from conifer to deciduous trees as Polygraphus grandiclava). A combination of these capabilities in concert with life history or ecological traits explains why bark beetles are considered interesting subjects in evolutionary studies. Several bark beetle species appear in phylogeographic investigations, in an effort to improve our understanding of their ecology, epidemiology and evolution. In this paper investigations that unveil the phylogeographic history of bark beetles are reviewed. A close association between refugial areas and postglacial migration routes that insects and host trees have followed in the last 15,000 BP has been suggested in many studies. Finally, a future perspective of how next generation sequencing will influence the resolution of phylogeographic patterns in the coming years is presented. Utilization of such novel techniques will provide a more detailed insight into the genome of scolytids facilitating at the same time the application of neutral and non-neutral markers. The latter markers in particular promise to enhance the study of eco-physiological reaction types like the so-called pioneer beetles or obligate diapausing individuals.10aDendroctonus10aIps10aPityogenes10aTomicus1 aAvtzis, Dimitrios, N.1 aBertheau, Coralie1 aStauffer, Christian  uhttp://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/3/2